Botox

BOTOX

50 Allergan Units

Powder for solution for injection

Botulinum toxin^* type A, 50 Allergan Units/vial.

^* from Clostridium botulinum

Botulinum toxin units are not interchangeable from one product to another.

For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Powder for solution for injection.

BOTOX product appears as a thin white deposit that may be difficult to see on the base of the vial.

BOTOX is indicated for:

Neurologic disorders:

BOTOX is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of:

• treatment of focal spasticity, including:

➢ elbow, wrist and hand in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older as an adjunct to rehabilitative therapy

➢ ankle and foot in ambulant paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older as an adjunct to rehabilitative therapy

➢ upper limb spasticity in adults

➢ ankle and foot disability due to lower limb spasticity in adults

• symptomatic relief of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and idiopathic cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis)

• prophylaxis of headaches in adults with chronic migraine (headaches on at least 15 days per month of which at least 8 days are with migraine)

Bladder disorders:

• management of bladder dysfunctions in adult patients who are not adequately managed with anticholinergics

➢ overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency

➢ neurogenic detrusor overactivity with urinary incontinence due to subcervical spinal cord injury (traumatic or non-traumatic), or multiple sclerosis

Skin and skin appendage disorders

• management of severe hyperhidrosis of the axillae, which does not respond to topical treatment with antiperspirants or antihidrotics

• temporary improvement in the appearance of:

➢ moderate to severe vertical lines between the eyebrows seen at maximum frown (glabellar lines) and/or,

➢ moderate to severe lateral canthal lines (crow's feet lines) seen at maximum smile and/or,

➢ moderate to severe forehead lines seen at maximum eyebrow elevation when the severity of the facial lines has an important psychological impact in adult patients.

Posology

Botulinum toxin units are not interchangeable from one product to another. Doses recommended in Allergan Units are different from other botulinum toxin preparations.

Elderly patients

Dosages for elderly patients are the same as for younger adults. Initial dosing should begin at the lowest recommended dose for the specific indication. Elderly patients with significant medical history and concomitant medications should be treated with caution.

There is limited data in patients older than 65 years managed with BOTOX for urinary incontinence with neurogenic detrusor overactivity, ankle and foot disability due to lower limb spasticity, and for facial lines (see section 5.1).

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of BOTOX in indications other than those described for the paediatric population in section 4.1 have not been established. No recommendation on posology can be made for indications other than paediatric focal spasticity associated with cerebral palsy. Currently available data per indication are described in section 4.2, 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1, as shown in the table below.

BOTOX should only be administered by appropriately qualified healthcare practitioners who are experienced in the assessment and treatment of paediatric focal spasticity and as part of a structured program of rehabilitation

Method of Administration

BOTOX should only be administered by an appropriately qualified healthcare practitioner with expertise in the treatment of the relevant indication and the use of the required equipment, in accordance with national guidelines.

This product is for single use only and any unused solution should be discarded. The most appropriate vial size should be selected for the indication.

An injection volume of approximately 0.1 ml is recommended. A decrease or increase in the BOTOX dose is possible by administering a smaller or larger injection volume. The smaller the injection volume the less discomfort and less spread of toxin in the injected muscle occurs. This is of benefit in reducing effects on nearby muscles when small muscle groups are being injected.

For instructions on reconstitution of the powder for solution for injection, handling and disposal of vials please refer to section 6.6.

Refer to specific guidance for each indication described below.

Generally valid optimum dose levels and number of injection sites per muscle have not been established for all indications. In these cases, individual treatment regimens should therefore be drawn up by an appropriately qualified healthcare practitioner. Optimum dose levels should be determined by titration but the recommended maximum dose should not be exceeded.

NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Focal spasticity of the upper limb in paediatric patients

Focal spasticity of the lower limb in paediatric patients

BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Paediatric Lower Limb Spasticity

*When injecting the shoulder muscles in combination, the recommended maximum dose is 250 U.

**When injecting both lumbricals and/or interossei, the recommended maximum dose is 50 U per hand.

The following doses are recommended:

^*1 IM injection site = 0.1 ml = 5 Units BOTOX

^**Dose distributed bilaterally

ALL INDICATIONS:

In case of treatment failure after the first treatment session, i.e. absence, at one month after injection, of significant clinical improvement from baseline, the following actions should be taken:

- Clinical verification, which may include electromyographic examination in a specialist setting, of the action of the toxin on the injected muscle(s);

- Analysis of the causes of failure, e.g. bad selection of muscles to be injected, insufficient dose, poor injection technique, appearance of fixed contracture, antagonist muscles too weak, formation of toxin-neutralising antibodies;

- Re-evaluation of the appropriateness of treatment with botulinum toxin type A;

- In the absence of any undesirable effects secondary to the first treatment session, instigate a second treatment session as following: i) adjust the dose, taking into account the analysis of the earlier treatment failure; ii) use EMG; and iii) maintain a three-month interval between the two treatment sessions.

In the event of treatment failure or diminished effect following repeat injections alternative treatment methods should be employed.

When treating adult patients for multiple indications, the maximum cumulative dose should not exceed 400 Units in a 12-week interval.

In treating paediatric patients, including when treating for multiple indications, the maximum cumulative dose should not exceed the lower of 10 Units/kg body weight or 340 Units, in a 12-week interval.

- known hypersensitivity to botulinum toxin type A or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1;

- presence of infection at the proposed injection site(s).

For the management of bladder disorders:

- urinary tract infection at the time of treatment;

- acute urinary retention at the time of treatment, in patients who are not routinely catheterising;

- patients who are not willing and/or able to initiate catheterisation post-treatment if required;

- presence of bladder calculi.

The recommended dosages and frequencies of administration of BOTOX should not be exceeded due to the potential for overdose, exaggerated muscle weakness, distant spread of toxin and the formation of neutralising antibodies. Initial dosing in treatment naïve patients should begin with the lowest recommended dose for the specific indication.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per vial, i.e. essentially “sodium free”.

Prescribers and patients should be aware that side effects can occur despite previous injections being well tolerated. Caution should therefore be exercised on the occasion of each administration.

Side effects related to spread of toxin distant from the site of administration have been reported (see section 4.8), sometimes resulting in death, which in some cases was associated with dysphagia, pneumonia and/or significant debility.

The symptoms are consistent with the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin and have been reported hours to weeks after injection. The risk of symptoms is probably greatest in patients who have underlying conditions and comorbidities that would predispose them to these symptoms, including children and adults treated for spasticity, and are treated with high doses.

Patients treated with therapeutic doses may also experience exaggerated muscle weakness.

Elderly and debilitated patients should be treated with caution. Generally, clinical studies of BOTOX did not identify differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients except for facial lines (see section 5.1). Dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range.

Consideration should be given to the risk-benefit implications for the individual patient before embarking on treatment with BOTOX.

Dysphagia has also been reported following injection to sites other than the cervical musculature (see section 4.4 'Cervical Dystonia').

BOTOX should only be used with extreme caution and under close supervision in patients with subclinical or clinical evidence of defective neuromuscular transmission e.g. myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton Syndrome in patients with peripheral motor neuropathic diseases (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuropathy) and in patients with underlying neurological disorders. Such patients may have an increased sensitivity to agents such as BOTOX, even at therapeutic doses, which may result in excessive muscle weakness and an increased risk of clinically significant systemic effects including severe dysphagia and respiratory compromise. The botulinum toxin product should be used under specialist supervision in these patients and should only be used if the benefit of treatment is considered to outweigh the risk. Patients with a history of dysphagia and aspiration should be treated with extreme caution.

Patients or caregivers should be advised to seek immediate medical care if swallowing, speech or respiratory disorders arise.

As with any treatment with the potential to allow previously-sedentary patients to resume activities, the sedentary patient should be cautioned to resume activity gradually.

The relevant anatomy, and any alterations to the anatomy due to prior surgical procedures, must be understood prior to administering BOTOX and injection into vulnerable anatomic structures must be avoided.

Pneumothorax associated with injection procedure has been reported following the administration of BOTOX near the thorax.

Caution is warranted when injecting in proximity to the lung (particularly the apices) or other vulnerable anatomic structures.

Serious adverse events including fatal outcomes have been reported in patients who had received off-label injections of BOTOX directly into salivary glands, the oro-lingual-pharyngeal region, oesophagus and stomach. Some patients had pre-existing dysphagia or significant debility.

Serious and/or immediate hypersensitivity reactions have been rarely reported including anaphylaxis, serum sickness, urticaria, soft tissue oedema, and dyspnoea. Some of these reactions have been reported following the use of BOTOX either alone or in conjunction with other products associated with similar reactions. If such a reaction occurs further injection of BOTOX should be discontinued and appropriate medical therapy, such as epinephrine, immediately instituted. One case of anaphylaxis has been reported in which the patient died after being injected with BOTOX inappropriately diluted with 5 ml of 1% lidocaine.

As with any injection, procedure-related injury could occur. An injection could result in localised infection, pain, inflammation, paraesthesia, hypoaesthesia, tenderness, swelling, erythema, and/or bleeding/bruising. Needle-related pain and/or anxiety may result in vasovagal responses, e.g. syncope, hypotension, etc.

Caution should be exercised when BOTOX is used in the presence of inflammation at the proposed injection site(s) or when excessive weakness or atrophy is present in the target muscle. Caution should also be exercised when BOTOX is used for treatment of patients with peripheral motor neuropathic diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuropathy).

There have been reports of adverse events following administration of BOTOX involving the cardiovascular system, including arrhythmia and myocardial infarction, some with fatal outcomes. Some of these patients had risk factors including pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

New onset or recurrent seizures have been reported, typically in patients who are predisposed to experiencing these events. The exact relationship of these events to botulinum toxin injection has not been established. The reports in children were predominantly from cerebral palsy patients treated for spasticity.

Formation of neutralising antibodies to botulinum toxin type A may reduce the effectiveness of BOTOX treatment by inactivating the biological activity of the toxin. Results from some studies suggest that BOTOX injections at more frequent intervals or at higher doses may lead to greater incidence of antibody formation. When appropriate, the potential for antibody formation may be minimised by injecting with the lowest effective dose given at the longest clinically indicated intervals between injections.

Clinical fluctuations during the repeated use of BOTOX (as with all botulinum toxins) may be a result of different vial reconstitution procedures, injection intervals, muscles injected and slightly differing potency values given by the biological test method used.

Traceability

In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.

Paediatric use

The safety and efficacy of BOTOX in indications other than those described for the paediatric population in section 4.1 has not been established. Post-marketing reports of possible distant spread of toxin have been very rarely reported in paediatric patients with comorbidities, predominantly with cerebral palsy. In general the dose used in these cases was in excess of that recommended (see section 4.8).

There have been rare spontaneous reports of death sometimes associated with aspiration pneumonia in children with severe cerebral palsy after treatment with botulinum toxin, including following off-label use (e.g. neck area). Extreme caution should be exercised when treating paediatric patients who have significant neurologic debility, dysphagia, or have a recent history of aspiration pneumonia or lung disease.

Treatment in patients with poor underlying health status should be administered only if the potential benefit to the individual patient is considered to outweigh the risks.

NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Focal spasticity in adult and paediatric patients

BOTOX is a treatment of focal spasticity that has only been studied in association with usual standard of care regimens, and is not intended as a replacement for these treatment modalities. BOTOX is not likely to be effective in improving range of motion at a joint affected by a fixed contracture.

BOTOX should only be used for the treatment of focal spasticity in adult patients if muscle tone reduction is expected to result in improved function (e.g. improvements in gait), or improved symptoms (e.g. reduction in muscle spasms or pain), and/or to facilitate care. Improvement in active function may be limited if BOTOX treatment is initiated longer than 2 years post-stroke or in patients with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) < 3.

Caution should be exercised when treating adult patients with spasticity who may be at increased risk of fall.

There have been post-marketing reports of death (sometimes associated with aspiration pneumonia) and of possible distant spread of toxin in children with co-morbidities, predominantly cerebral palsy following treatment with botulinum toxin. See warnings under section 4.4, 'Paediatric use'.

Blepharospasm

Reduced blinking following botulinum toxin injection into the orbicularis muscle can lead to corneal exposure, persistent epithelial defect, and corneal ulceration, especially in patients with VII nerve disorders. Careful testing of corneal sensation in eyes previously operated upon, avoidance of injection into the lower lid area to avoid ectropion, and vigorous treatment of any epithelial defect should be employed. This may require protective drops, ointment, therapeutic soft contact lenses, or closure of the eye by patching or other means.

Ecchymosis occurs easily in the soft eyelid tissues. This can be minimised by applying gentle pressure at the injection site immediately after injection.

Because of the anticholinergic activity of botulinum toxin, caution should be exercised when treating patients at risk for angle closure glaucoma, including patients with anatomically narrow angles.

Cervical dystonia

Patients with cervical dystonia should be informed of the possibility of experiencing dysphagia which may be very mild, but could be severe. Dysphagia may persist for two to three weeks after injection, but has been reported to last up to five months post-injection. Consequent to the dysphagia there is the potential for aspiration, dyspnoea and occasionally the need for tube feeding. In rare cases dysphagia followed by aspiration pneumonia and death has been reported.

Limiting the dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle to less than 100 Units may decrease the occurrence of dysphagia. Patients with smaller neck muscle mass, or patients who receive bilateral injections into the sternocleidomastoid muscle, have been reported to be at greater risk of dysphagia. Dysphagia is attributable to the spread of the toxin to the oesophageal musculature. Injections into the levator scapulae may be associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory infection and dysphagia.

Dysphagia may contribute to decreased food and water intake resulting in weight loss and dehydration. Patients with subclinical dysphagia may be at increased risk of experiencing more severe dysphagia following a BOTOX injection.

Chronic migraine

No efficacy has been shown for BOTOX in the prophylaxis of headaches in patients with episodic migraine (headaches on < 15 days per month).

BLADDER DISORDERS

Patient preparation and monitoring

Prophylactic antibiotics should be administered to patients with sterile urine or asymptomatic bacteriuria in accordance with local standard practice.

The decision to discontinue anti-platelet therapy should be subject to local guidance and benefit/risk consideration for the individual patient. Patients on anti-coagulant therapy need to be managed appropriately to decrease the risk of bleeding.

Appropriate medical caution should be exercised when performing the cystoscopy. The patient should be observed for at least 30 minutes post-injection.

In patients who are not regularly practicing catheterisation, post-void residual urine volume should be assessed within 2 weeks post-treatment and periodically as medically appropriate. Patients should be instructed to contact their physician if they experience difficulties in voiding as catheterisation may be required.

Overactive bladder

Prior to injection an intravesical instillation of diluted local anaesthetic, with or without sedation, may be used, per local site practice. If a local anaesthetic instillation is performed, the bladder should be drained and rinsed with sterile saline before the next steps of the injection procedure.

Urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity

BOTOX injection can be performed under general or local anaesthesia with or without sedation. If a local anaesthetic intravesical instillation is performed, the bladder should be drained and rinsed with sterile saline before the next steps of the injection procedure.

Autonomic dysreflexia associated with the procedure can occur and greater vigilance is required in patients known to be at risk.

SKIN AND SKIN APPENDAGE DISORDERS

Primary hyperhidrosis of the axillae

Medical history and physical examination, along with specific additional investigations as required, should be performed to exclude potential causes of secondary hyperhidrosis (e.g. hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytoma). This will avoid symptomatic treatment of hyperhidrosis without the diagnosis and/or treatment of underlying disease.

Glabellar lines seen at maximum frown and/or crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile and/or forehead lines seen at maximum eyebrow elevation

It is mandatory that BOTOX is used for one single patient treatment only during a single session. The excess of unused product must be disposed of as detailed in section 6.6. Particular precautions should be taken for product preparation and administration as well as for the inactivation and disposal of the remaining unused solution (see section 6.6).

The use of BOTOX is not recommended in individuals under 18 years. There is limited phase 3 clinical data with BOTOX in patients older than 65 years.

Care should be taken to ensure that BOTOX is not injected into a blood vessel when it is injected in the glabellar seen at maximum frown, in the crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile, or in the forehead lines seen at maximum eyebrow elevation, see section 4.2. There is a risk of eyelid ptosis following treatment, refer to Section 4.2 for administration instructions on how to minimise this risk.

Theoretically, the effect of botulinum toxin may be potentiated by aminoglycoside antibiotics or spectinomycin, or other medicinal products that interfere with neuromuscular transmission (e.g. neuromuscular blocking agents).

The effect of administering different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes at the same time or within several months of each other is unknown. Excessive neuromuscular weakness may be exacerbated by administration of another botulinum toxin prior to the resolution of the effects of a previously administered botulinum toxin.

No interaction studies have been performed. No interactions of clinical significance have been reported.

There are no data available on the concomitant use of anticholinergics with BOTOX injections in the management of overactive bladder.

Pregnancy

There are no adequate data from the use of botulinum toxin type A in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see Section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown. BOTOX is not recommended during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using contraception.

Breast-feeding

There is no information on whether BOTOX is excreted in human milk. The use of BOTOX during breast-feeding cannot be recommended.

Fertility

There are no adequate data on the effects on fertility from the use of botulinum toxin type A in women of childbearing potential. Studies in male and female rats have shown fertility reductions (see section 5.3).

No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. However, BOTOX may cause asthenia, muscle weakness, somnolence, dizziness and visual disturbance, which could affect driving and the operation of machinery.

a) General

In controlled clinical trials adverse events considered by the investigators to be related to BOTOX were reported in 35% patients with blepharospasm, 28% with cervical dystonia, 8% with paediatric spasticity, 11% with primary hyperhidrosis of the axillae, 9% in adults with focal spasticity of the upper limb, 11% in adults with focal spasticity of the lower limb, 26% with overactive bladder, 32% in adults with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and 6.2% in paediatric patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. In clinical trials for chronic migraine, the incidence was 26% with the first treatment and declined to 11% with a second treatment.

In controlled clinical trials for glabellar lines seen at maximum frown, adverse events considered by the investigators to be related to BOTOX were reported in 23% (placebo 19%) of patients. In treatment cycle 1 of the pivotal controlled clinical trials for crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile, such events were reported in 8% (24 Units for crow's feet lines alone) and 6% (44 Units: 24 Units for crow's feet lines administered simultaneously with 20 Units for glabellar lines) of patients compared to 5% for placebo.

In treatment cycle 1 of clinical trials for forehead lines seen at maximum eyebrow elevation, adverse events considered by the investigators to be related to BOTOX were reported in 20.6% of patients treated with 40 Units (20 Units to the frontalis with 20 Units to the glabellar complex), and 14.3% of patients treated with 64 Units (20 Units to the frontalis with 20 Units to the glabellar complex and 24 Units to the lateral canthal lines areas), compared to 8.9% of patients that received placebo.

Adverse reactions may be related to treatment, injection technique or both. In general, adverse reactions occur within the first few days following injection and, while generally transient, may have a duration of several months or, in rare cases, longer.

Local muscle weakness represents the expected pharmacological action of botulinum toxin in muscle tissue. However, weakness of adjacent muscles and/or muscles remote from the site of injection has been reported.

As is expected for any injection procedure, localised pain, inflammation, paraesthesia, hypoaesthesia, tenderness, swelling/oedema, erythema, localised infection, bleeding and/or bruising have been associated with the injection. Needle-related pain and/or anxiety have resulted in vasovagal responses, including transient symptomatic hypotension and syncope. Fever and flu syndrome have also been reported after injections of botulinum toxin.

b) Adverse reactions - frequency by indication

The frequency of adverse reactions reported in the clinical trials is defined as follows:

Very Common (≥ 1/10); Common (≥1/100 to <1/10); Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000); Very Rare (<1/10,000); Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Focal spasticity of the upper limb in paediatric patients

Focal spasticity of the lower limb in paediatric patients

Focal upper limb spasticity in adult patients

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing.

Injection of BOTOX for spasticity of the upper limb in patients with decreased pulmonary function has been associated with small but statistically significant decreases in forced vital capacity (FVC) and/or forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1) that were subclinical and were not correlated with any adverse clinical pulmonary reactions.

Focal lower limb spasticity in adult patients

Blepharospasm/hemifacial spasm

Cervical dystonia

Chronic migraine

* In placebo-controlled trials, headache and migraine, including serious cases of intractable or worsening of headache/migraine, were reported more frequently with BOTOX (9%) than with placebo (6%). They typically occurred within the first month after the injections and their incidence declined with repeated treatments.

BLADDER DISORDERS

Overactive bladder

*elevated post-void residual urine volume (PVR) not requiring catheterisation

†procedure-related adverse reactions

In the phase 3 clinical trials urinary tract infection was reported in 25.5% of patients treated with BOTOX 100 Units and 9.6% of patients treated with placebo. Urinary retention was reported in 5.8% of patients treated with BOTOX 100 Units and in 0.4% of patients treated with placebo. Clean intermittent catheterisation was initiated in 6.5% of patients following treatment with BOTOX 100 Units versus 0.4% in the placebo group.

Overall, 42.5% of patients (n = 470) were ≥ 65 years of age and 15.1% (n = 167) were ≥ 75 years of age. No overall difference in the safety profile following BOTOX treatment was observed between patients ≥ 65 years compared to patients < 65 years in these studies, with the exception of urinary tract infection where the incidence was higher in elderly patients in both the placebo and BOTOX groups compared to the younger patients.

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing.

Adult urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity

* procedure-related adverse reactions

** elevated PVR not requiring catheterisation

† only in multiple sclerosis

a Adverse reactions occurring in the Phase 2 and pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials

b Adverse reactions occurring in the post-approval study of BOTOX 100U in MS patients not catheterising at baseline

In the phase 3 clinical trials, urinary tract infection was reported in 49% of patients treated with BOTOX 200 Units and in 36% of patients treated with placebo (in multiple sclerosis patients: 53% vs. 29%, respectively; in spinal cord injury patients: 45% vs. 42%, respectively). Urinary retention was reported in 17% of patients treated with BOTOX 200 Units and in 3% of patients treated with placebo (in multiple sclerosis patients: 29% vs. 4%, respectively; in spinal cord injury patients: 5% vs. 1%, respectively). Among patients who were not catheterising at baseline prior to treatment, catheterisation was initiated in 39% following treatment with BOTOX 200 Units versus 17% on placebo. The risk of urinary retention increased in patients older than 65 years.

No change in the type and frequency of adverse reactions was observed following 2 treatments.

In the post-approval study of BOTOX 100 Units in MS patients not catheterising at baseline, no difference on the MS exacerbation annualised rate (i.e. number of MS exacerbation events per patient-year) was observed (BOTOX=0, placebo=0.07).

Catheterisation was initiated in 15.2% of patients following treatment with BOTOX 100 Units versus 2.6% on placebo (refer to section 5.1).

Paediatric neurogenic detrusor overactivity

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing.

SKIN AND SKIN APPENDAGE DISORDERS

Primary hyperhidrosis of the axillae

Increase in non axillary sweating was reported in 4.5% of patients within 1 month after injection and showed no pattern with respect to anatomical sites affected. Resolution was seen in approximately 30% of the patients within four months.

Weakness of the arm has been also reported uncommonly (0.7%) and was mild, transient, did not require treatment and recovered without sequelae. This adverse event may be related to treatment, injection technique, or both. In the uncommon event of muscle weakness being reported a neurological examination may be considered. In addition, a re-evaluation of injection technique prior to subsequent injection is advisable to ensure intradermal placement of injections.

In an uncontrolled safety study of BOTOX (50 Units per axilla) in paediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age (n= 144), adverse reactions occurring in more than a single patient (2 patients each) comprised injection site pain and hyperhidrosis (non-axillary sweating).

Facial lines in adults

The following table represent the adverse reactions that have been reported during the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies following injection of BOTOX for Glabellar lines, Crow's Feet Lines with or without Glabellar Lines, Forehead Lines and Glabellar Lines with or without Crow's Feet Lines.

n/a – not reported as adverse drug reaction

*

procedure-related adverse reactions

¹The median time to onset of eyelid ptosis was 9 days following treatment

²The median time to onset of brow ptosis was 5 days following treatment

No change was observed in the overall safety profile following repeat dosing.

c) Additional information

The following list includes adverse drug reactions or other medically relevant adverse events that have been reported since the drug has been marketed, regardless of indication, and may be in addition to those cited in section 4.4 (Special warnings and precautions for use), and section 4.8 (Undesirable effects).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Overdose of BOTOX is a relative term and depends upon dose, site of injection, and underlying tissue properties. No cases of systemic toxicity resulting from accidental injection of BOTOX have been observed. Excessive doses may produce local, or distant, generalised and profound neuromuscular paralysis. No cases of ingestion of BOTOX have been reported.

Signs and symptoms of overdose are not apparent immediately post-injection. Should accidental injection or ingestion occur or overdose be suspected, the patient should be medically monitored for up to several weeks for progressive signs and symptoms of muscular weakness, which could be local or distant from the site of injection and may include ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, generalised weakness or respiratory failure. These patients should be considered for further medical evaluation and appropriate medical therapy immediately instituted, which may include hospitalisation.

If the musculature of the oropharynx and oesophagus are affected, aspiration may occur which may lead to development of aspiration pneumonia. If the respiratory muscles become paralysed or sufficiently weakened, intubation and assisted respiration will be required until recovery takes place and may involve the need for a tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation, in addition to other general supportive care.

ATC class M03A X01 and ATC class D11AX_.

The active constituent in BOTOX is a protein complex derived from Clostridium botulinum. The protein consists of type A neurotoxin and several other proteins. Under physiological conditions it is presumed that the complex dissociates and releases the pure neurotoxin.

Clostridium botulinum toxin type A neurotoxin complex blocks peripheral acetyl choline release at presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals.

Intramuscular injection of the neurotoxin complex blocks cholinergic transport at the neuromuscular junction by preventing the release of acetylcholine. The nerve endings of the neuromuscular junction no longer respond to nerve impulses and secretion of the chemotransmitter is prevented (chemical denervation). Re-establishment of impulse transmission is by newly formed nerve endings and motor end plates. Clinical evidence suggests that BOTOX reduces pain and neurogenic inflammation and elevates cutaneous heat pain thresholds in a capsaicin induced trigeminal sensitization model. Recovery after intramuscular injection takes place normally within 12 weeks of injection as nerve terminals sprout and reconnect with the endplates.

After intradermal injection, where the target is the eccrine sweat glands, the effect lasted for about 4-7 months in patients treated with 50 Units per axilla.

There is limited clinical trial experience of the use of BOTOX in primary axillary hyperhidrosis in adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18. A single, year long, uncontrolled, repeat dose, safety study was conducted in US paediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age (N=144) with severe primary hyperhidrosis of the axillae. Participants were primarily female (86.1%) and Caucasian (82.6%). Participants were treated with a dose of 50 Units per axilla for a total dose of 100 Units per patient per treatment. However, no dose finding studies have been conducted in adolescents so no recommendation on posology can be made. Efficacy and safety of BOTOX in this group have not been established.

BOTOX blocks the release of neurotransmitters associated with the genesis of pain. The presumed mechanism for headache prophylaxis is by blocking peripheral signals to the central nervous system, which inhibits central sensitisation, as suggested by pre-clinical and clinical pharmacodynamic studies.

Following intradetrusor injection, BOTOX affects the efferent pathways of detrusor activity via inhibition of acetylcholine release. In addition BOTOX inhibits afferent neurotransmitters and sensory pathways.

Clinical efficacy and safety

NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Focal spasticity of the upper limb in paediatric patients

The efficacy and safety of BOTOX for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in paediatric patients of ages 2 years and older was evaluated in a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study included 234 paediatric patients (77 BOTOX 6 Units/kg, 78 BOTOX 3 Units/kg and 79 placebo) with upper limb spasticity because of cerebral palsy (87%) or stroke (13%) and baseline MAS elbow or wrist score of at least 2. A total dose of 3 Units/kg (maximum 100 Units) or 6 Units/kg (maximum 200 Units) or placebo was injected intramuscularly and divided between the elbow or wrist and finger muscles. All patients received standardised occupational therapy. The use of electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound techniques was required to assist in proper muscle localisation for injections. The primary endpoint was the average of the change from baseline in MAS score of the principal muscle group (elbow or wrist) at weeks 4 and 6 and the key secondary endpoint was the average of the Clinical Global Impression of Overall Change by Physician (CGI) at weeks 4 and 6. The Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) by Physician for active and passive goals was evaluated as a secondary endpoint at weeks 8 and 12. Pain was assessed using the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) in a subset of patients. Patients were followed for 12 weeks.

Eligible patients could enter an open-label extension study, in which they received up to five treatments at doses up to 10 Units/kg (maximum 340 Units), when also treating the lower limb in combination with the upper limb.

Statistically significant improvements compared to placebo were demonstrated in patients treated with BOTOX 3 and 6 Units/kg for the primary endpoint and at all timepoints through week 12. The improvement in MAS score was similar across both BOTOX treatment groups. However, at no point was the difference from placebo ≥1 point on the MAS. See table below. Responder analysis treatment effect ranged from approximately 10-20%.

Primary and Secondary Efficacy Endpoints Results

* Statistically significantly different from placebo (p<0.05)

^a The MAS is a 6-point scale (0 [no increase in muscle tone], 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4 [limb rigid in flexion or extension]) which measures the force required to move an extremity around a joint, with a reduction in score representing improvement in spasticity.

^b The CGI evaluated the response to treatment in terms of how the patient was doing in his/her life using a 9-point scale (-4=very marked worsening to +4=very marked improvement).

^c The GAS is a 6-point scale (-3[worse than start], -2 [equal to start], -1 [less than expected], 0 [expected goal], +1 [somewhat more than expected], +2 [much more than expected]).

^d Pain was assessed in participants who were 4 years of age and older and had a pain score > 0 at baseline using Faces Pain Scale (FPS: 0 =no pain to 10 = very much pain).

Focal spasticity of the lower limb in paediatric patients

The efficacy and safety of BOTOX for the treatment of lower limb spasticity in paediatric patients of ages 2 years and above was evaluated in a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study included 384 paediatric patients (128 BOTOX 8 Units/kg, 126 BOTOX 4 Units/kg and 128 placebo) with lower limb spasticity because of cerebral palsy and ankle score of at least 2. A total dose of 4 Units/kg (maximum 150 Units) or 8 Units/kg (maximum 300 Units) or placebo was injected intramuscularly and divided between the gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior. All patients received standardised physical therapy. The use of electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound techniques was required to assist in proper muscle localisation for injections. The primary endpoint was the average of the change from baseline in MAS ankle score at weeks 4 and 6, and the key secondary endpoint was the average of the CGI at weeks 4 and 6. The GAS by Physician for active and passive functional goals was a secondary endpoint at weeks 8 and 12. Gait was assessed using the Edinburgh Visual Gait (EVG) at weeks 8 and 12 in a subset of patients. Patients were followed for 12 weeks.

Eligible patients could enter an open-label extension study, in which they received up to five treatments at doses up to 10 Units/kg (maximum 340 Units), if treating more than one limb.

Statistically significant improvements compared to placebo were demonstrated in patients treated with BOTOX 4 and 8 Units/kg for the primary endpoint and at most timepoints through Week 12. The improvement in MAS score was similar across both BOTOX treatment groups. However, at no point was the difference from placebo ≥1 point on the MAS. See table below. Responder analysis treatment effect was less than 15% at all time points.

Primary and Secondary Efficacy Endpoints Results

* Statistically significantly different from placebo (p<0.05)

^a The MAS is a 6-point scale (0 [no increase in muscle tone], 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4 [limb rigid in flexion or extension]) which measures the force required to move an extremity around a joint, with a reduction in score representing improvement in spasticity.

^b The CGI evaluated the response to treatment in terms of how the patient was doing in his/her life using a 9-point scale (-4=very marked worsening to +4=very marked improvement).

^c The GAS is a 6-point scale (-3[worse than start], -2 [equal to start], -1 [less than expected], 0 [expected goal], +1 [somewhat more than expected], +2 [much more than expected]).

^d The EVG is an 11- item scale that assesses gait based on foot-stance (5 items), knee-stance (2 items), foot-swing (2 items) and knee-swing (2 items) using a 3-point ordinal scale ( 0 [normal], 1 [flexion 1 or extension 1], and 2 [flexion 2 or extension 2] for each item, respectively).

In paediatric lower limb spasticity patients with analysed specimens from one phase 3 study and the open-label extension study, neutralising antibodies developed in 2 of 264 patients (0.8%) treated with BOTOX for up to 5 treatment cycles. Both patients continued to experience clinical benefit following subsequent BOTOX treatments.

Focal upper limb spasticity in adult patients

The efficacy and safety of BOTOX for the treatment of adult upper limb spasticity was evaluated in 4 randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Study 1 included 126 adult patients (64 BOTOX and 62 placebo) with upper limb spasticity (Ashworth score of at least 3 for wrist flexor tone and at least 2 for finger flexor tone) who were at least 6 months post-stroke. BOTOX (a total dose of 200 Units to 240 Units) or placebo were injected intramuscularly into the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum sublimis, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and if necessary into the adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis longus.

Study 1 results on the primary endpoint and the key secondary endpoints are shown in the Table below.

Primary and Secondary Efficacy Endpoints Results at Week 6 in Study 1

^*

Significantly different from placebo (p≤0.05)

^a The Ashworth Scale is a 5-point scale (0 [no increase in muscle tone], 1, 2, 3, and 4 [limb rigid in flexion or extension]) which measures the force required to move an extremity around a joint, with a reduction in score representing improvement in spasticity.

^b The Physician Global Assessment evaluated the response to treatment in terms of how the patient was doing in his/her life using a scale from -4 = very marked worsening to +4 = very marked improvement.

Study 2 included 124 adult post-stroke patients with upper limb spasticity who received either 400 U BOTOX (240 U in wrist, finger and thumb flexors and 160 U in the elbow flexors; n=61) or 240 U BOTOX (wrist, finger and thumb flexors and placebo in the elbow flexors; n=63). Patients were followed for 12 weeks and then entered the open label phase during which they could receive up to 3 additional treatments of 400 U BOTOX, at minimum 12-week intervals, distributed among finger, thumb, wrist, or elbow flexors, forearm pronators, or shoulder adductors/internal rotators.

The main efficacy results for elbow flexors are shown below.

Efficacy Results for Elbow Flexors at Week 6 in Study 2

A total of 84 patients from Study 2 received open-label treatments of BOTOX in the shoulder adductors/internal rotators. The results achieved at week 6 for the MAS in the shoulder muscles are shown below.

Efficacy Results for Shoulder at Week 6 of Open-label Treatment Cycles in Study 2

Study 3 enrolled 53 adult post-stroke patients with upper limb spasticity. Patients received a single fixed-dose, fixed-muscle treatment of either BOTOX 300 U (150 U elbow; 150 U shoulder), BOTOX 500 U (250 U elbow; 250 U shoulder), or placebo, divided across defined muscles of the elbow and shoulder in a single limb.

The main efficacy results are shown below.

Efficacy Results for Elbow and Shoulder at Week 6 in Study 3

Study 4 included a subgroup of 26 adult post-stroke patients with upper limb spasticity who received up to 2 treatments of BOTOX in up to 3 affected shoulder muscles (pectoralis major with or without teres major and latissimus dorsi). The main results are presented in the table below.

Efficacy Results for Shoulder at Week 10 post-2^nd injection or Week 24 in Study 4

Across 4 studies in patients with adult upper limb spasticity, neutralising antibodies developed in 2 of 406 patients (0.49%) treated with BOTOX. One patient was not a clinical responder following any treatment cycle. The second patient experienced inconsistent clinical response both before and after seroconversion.

Focal lower limb spasticity in adult patients

The efficacy and safety of BOTOX was evaluated in a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study which included 468 post-stroke patients (233 BOTOX and 235 placebo) with ankle spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale [MAS] ankle score of at least 3) who were at least 3 months post-stroke. BOTOX 300 to 400 Units or placebo were injected intramuscularly into the study mandatory muscles gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior and optional muscles including flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis, and rectus femoris.

The primary endpoint was the average change from baseline of weeks 4 and 6 MAS ankle score and a key secondary endpoint was the average CGI (Physician Global Assessment of Response) at weeks 4 and 6. Statistically and clinically significant differences were demonstrated between BOTOX and placebo for these measures as shown in the table below.

For the primary endpoint of average MAS ankle score at weeks 4 and 6, no improvement from baseline was observed for patients aged 65 and older in the BOTOX group compared to placebo.

*Significantly different from placebo (p<0.05)

Another double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 clinical study was conducted in adult post-stroke patients (average 6.5 years) with lower limb spasticity affecting the ankle. A total of 120 patients were randomised to receive either BOTOX (n=58; total dose of 300 Units) or placebo (n=62).

Significant improvement compared to placebo was observed in the primary endpoint for the overall change from baseline up to week 12 in the MAS ankle score, which was calculated using the area under the curve (AUC) approach. Significant improvements compared to placebo were also observed for the mean change from baseline in MAS ankle score at individual post-treatment visits at weeks 4, 6 and 8. The proportion of responders (patients with at least a 1-grade improvement) was also significantly higher (67%-68%) than in placebo-treated patients (31%-36%) at these visits.

BOTOX treatment was also associated with significant improvement in the investigator's clinical global impression (CGI) of functional disability compared to placebo although the difference was not significant for the patient's CGI.

Cervical dystonia

In initial controlled clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for cervical dystonia, doses of reconstituted BOTOX ranged from 140 to 280 Units. In more recent studies, doses ranged from 95 to 360 Units (with an approximate mean of 240 Units). Clinical improvement generally occurs within the first two weeks after injection. The maximum clinical benefit generally occurs by six weeks post-injection. The duration of beneficial effect reported in clinical studies showed substantial variation (from 2 to 33 weeks) with a typical duration of approximately 12 weeks.

Chronic migraine

Chronic migraine patients without any concurrent headache prophylaxis who, during a 28-day baseline, had at least 4 episodes and ≥ 15 headache days (with at least 4 hours of continuous headache) with at least 50% being migraine/probable migraine, were studied in two Phase 3 clinical trials. Patients were allowed to use acute headache treatments and 66% overused acute treatments during the baseline period.

During the double-blind phase of the trials, the main results achieved after two BOTOX treatments administered at a 12-week interval are shown in the table below.

The treatment effect appeared smaller in the subgroup of male patients (n=188) than in the whole study population.

BLADDER DISORDERS

Overactive bladder

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, 24-week phase 3 clinical studies were conducted in patients with overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. A total of 1105 patients (mean age of 60 years), whose symptoms had not been adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic therapy (inadequate response or intolerable side effects), were randomised to receive either 100 Units of BOTOX (n=557), or placebo (n=548), after having discontinued anticholinergics for more than one week.

Primary and Secondary Endpoints at Baseline and Change from Baseline in Pooled Pivotal Studies

†

Least Squares (LS) mean changes are presented

^a Co-primary endpoints

^b Secondary endpoints^c Pre-defined minimally important change from baseline was +10 points for I-QOL and -5 points for KHQ

The median duration of response following BOTOX treatment, based on patient request for re-treatment, was 166 days (~24 weeks). The median duration of response, based on patient request for re-treatment, in patients who continued into the open label extension study and received treatments with only BOTOX 100 Units (N=438), was 212 days (~30 weeks).

A total of 839 patients were evaluated in a long-term open-label extension study. For all efficacy endpoints, patients experienced consistent response with re-treatments. The mean reductions from baseline in daily frequency of urinary incontinence were -3.07 (n=341), -3.49 (n=292), and -3.49 (n=204) episodes at week 12 after the first, second, and third BOTOX 100 Unit treatments, respectively. The corresponding proportions of patients with a positive treatment response on the Treatment Benefit Scale were 63.6% (n=346), 76.9% (n=295), and 77.3% (n=207), respectively.

In the pivotal studies, none of the 615 patients with analysed serum specimens developed neutralising antibodies after 1 – 3 treatments. In patients with analysed specimens from the pivotal phase 3 and the open-label extension studies, neutralising antibodies developed in 0 of 954 patients (0.0%) while receiving BOTOX 100 Unit doses and 3 of 260 patients (1.2%) after subsequently receiving at least one 150 Unit dose. One of these three patients continued to experience clinical benefit. Compared to the overall BOTOX treated population, patients who developed neutralising antibodies generally had shorter duration of response and consequently received treatments more frequently (see section 4.4).

Adult urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity

Pivotal Phase 3 Clinical Trials

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase 3 clinical studies were conducted in a total of 691 patients with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, who were not adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic agent and were either spontaneously voiding or using catheterisation. These patients were randomised to receive either 200 Units of BOTOX (n=227), 300 Units of BOTOX (n=223), or placebo (n=241).

Primary and Secondary Endpoints at Baseline and Change from Baseline in Pooled Pivotal Studies

†

LS mean changes are presented

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoints

^c I-QOL total score scale ranges from 0 (maximum problem) to 100 (no problem at all).

^d In the pivotal studies, the pre-specified minimally important difference (MID) for I-QOL total score was 8 points based on MID estimates of 4-11 points reported in neurogenic detrusor overactivity patients.

The median duration of response, based on time to qualification for re-treatment (time to < 50% reduction in incontinence episodes), was 42 weeks in the 200 Unit dose group. The median interval between the first and second administrations was 42 weeks in patients with spinal cord injury and 45 weeks in patients with multiple sclerosis. The median duration of response, based on time to qualification for re-treatment (at least 1 urinary incontinence episode in a 3 day diary), in patients who continued into the open label extension study and received treatments with only BOTOX 200 Units (N=174), was 264 days (~38 weeks).

For all efficacy endpoints in the pivotal phase 3 studies, patients experienced consistent response with re-treatment (n=116).

None of the 475 patients with analysed serum specimens developed neutralising antibodies after 1-2 treatments. In patients with analysed specimens in the drug development program (including the open-label extension study), neutralising antibodies developed in 3 of 300 patients (1.0%) after receiving only BOTOX 200 Unit doses and 5 of 258 patients (1.9%) after receiving at least one 300 Unit dose. Four of these eight patients continued to experience clinical benefit. Compared to the overall BOTOX treated population, patients who developed neutralising antibodies generally had shorter duration of response and consequently received treatments more frequently (see section 4.4).

In the multiple sclerosis (MS) patients enrolled in the pivotal studies, the MS exacerbation annualised rate (i.e. number of MS exacerbation events per patient year) was 0.23 in the 200 Unit dose group and 0.20 in the placebo group. With repeated BOTOX treatments, including data from a long term study, the MS exacerbation annualised rate was 0.19 during each of the first two BOTOX treatment cycles.

Post-approval Study

A placebo controlled, double-blind post-approval study was conducted in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity who were not adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic agent and not catheterising at baseline. These patients were randomised to receive either 100 Units of BOTOX (n=66) or placebo (n=78).

Significant improvements compared to placebo in the primary efficacy variable of change from baseline in daily frequency of incontinence episodes were observed for BOTOX (100 Units) at the primary efficacy time point at week 6, including the percentage of dry patients. Significant improvements in urodynamic parameters, and Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL), including avoidance limiting behaviour, psychosocial impact and social embarrassment were also observed.

Results from the post-approval study are presented below:

Primary and Secondary Endpoints at Baseline and Change from Baseline in Post-Approval Study of BOTOX 100 Units in MS patients not catheterising at baseline

* Percentage of dry patients (without incontinence) throughout week 6 was 53.0% (100 Unit BOTOX group) and 10.3% (placebo)

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoints

^c I-QOL total score scale ranges from 0 (maximum problem) to 100 (no problem at all).

^d The pre-specified minimally important difference (MID) for I-QOL total score was 11 points based on MID estimates of 4-11 points reported in neurogenic detrusor overactivity patients.

The median duration of response in this study, based on patient request for re-treatment, was 362 days (~52 weeks) for BOTOX 100 Unit dose group compared to 88 days (~13 weeks) with placebo.

Paediatric neurogenic detrusor overactivity

One double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, multi-centre clinical study (191622-120) was conducted in patients 5 to 17 years of age with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition and using clean intermittent catheterisation. A total of 113 patients (including 99 with spinal dysraphism such as spina bifida, 13 with spinal cord injury and 1 with transverse myelitis) who had an inadequate response to or were intolerant of at least one anticholinergic medication. The median age was 11 years and 42.5% were female. These patients were randomised to 50 Units, 100 Units or 200 Units, not to exceed 6 Units/kg bodyweight. Patients receiving less than the randomised dose due to this maximum were assigned to the nearest dose group for analysis: N= 38, 45 and 30 for BOTOX 50 Units, BOTOX 100 Units, and BOTOX 200 Units, respectively. Prior to treatment administration, patients received anaesthesia based on age and local site practice. One hundred and nine patients (97.3%) received general anaesthesia or conscious sedation and 3 patients (2.7%) received local anaesthesia.

The study results demonstrated within group improvements in the primary efficacy variable of change from baseline in daytime urinary incontinence episodes (normalised to 12 hours) at the primary efficacy time point (Week 6) for all 3 BOTOX treatment groups. Additional benefits were seen with BOTOX 200 Units for measures related to reducing maximum bladder pressure when compared to 50 Units. The decrease in maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) during the storage phase, defined as the highest value in the Pdet channel during the storage phase [i.e., the greater of the following: the maximum Pdet during the highest amplitude IDC, the maximum Pdet during a terminal detrusor contraction, the Pdet at the end of filling, or the highest Pdet at any other time during the storage phase] for BOTOX 200 Units at Week 6 was greater than the decrease observed for 50 Units.

Summary of results in the paediatric study

CI = Confidence Interval

*Least Squares (LS) mean change and 95% CI are based on ANCOVA model with baseline value as covariate, and treatment group, age (< 12 years or ≥ 12 years), baseline daytime urinary incontinence episodes (≤ 6 or > 6), and anticholinergic therapy (yes/no) at baseline as factors.

** Primary timepoint

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoint

The median duration of response in this study, based on patient request for re-treatment was 214 (31 weeks), 169 (24 weeks), and 207 days (30 weeks) for BOTOX 50 Units, BOTOX 100 Units, and BOTOX 200 Units, respectively.

Out of 99 paediatric patients who had a negative baseline result for antibodies and had at least one evaluable post-baseline value, none developed neutralising antibodies after receiving up to 4 treatments of 50 to 200 Units of BOTOX.

SKIN AND SKIN APPENDAGE DISORDERS

Glabellar lines

537 patients with moderate to severe glabellar lines between the eyebrows seen at maximum frown have been included in clinical studies.

BOTOX injections significantly reduced the severity of glabellar lines seen at maximum frown for up to 4 months, as measured by the investigator assessment of glabellar line severity at maximum frown and by subject's global assessment of change in appearance of his/her glabellar lines seen at maximum frown. Improvement generally occurred within one week of treatment. None of the clinical endpoints included an objective evaluation of the psychological impact. Thirty days after injection, 80% (325/405) of BOTOX-treated patients were considered by investigators as treatment responders (none or mild severity at maximum frown), compared to 3% (4/132) of placebo-treated patients. At this same timepoint, 89% (362/405) of BOTOX-treated patients felt they had a moderate or better improvement, compared to 7% (9/132) of placebo-treated patients.

BOTOX injections also significantly reduced the severity of glabellar lines at rest. Of the 537 patients enrolled, 39% (210/537) had moderate to severe glabellar lines at rest (15% had no lines at rest). Of these, 74% (119/161) of BOTOX-treated patients were considered treatment responders (none or mild severity) thirty days after injection, compared with 20% (10/49) of placebo-treated patients.

There is limited phase 3 clinical data with BOTOX in patients older than 65 years. Only 6.0% (32/537) of subjects were >65 years old and efficacy results obtained were lower in this population.

Crow's feet lines

1362 patients with moderate to severe crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile, either alone (n=445, Study 191622-098) or also with moderate to severe glabellar lines seen at maximum frown (n=917, Study 191622-099), were enrolled.

BOTOX injections significantly reduced the severity of crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile compared to placebo at all timepoints (p <0.001) for up to 5 months (median 4 months). Improvement assessed by the investigator occurred within one week of treatment. This was measured by the proportion of patients achieving a crow's feet lines severity rating of none or mild at maximum smile in both pivotal studies; until day 150 (end of study) in Study 191622-098 and day 120 (end of first treatment cycle) in Study 191622-099. For both investigator and subject assessments, the proportion of subjects achieving none or mild crow's feet lines severity seen at maximum smile was greater in patients with moderate crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile at baseline, compared to patients with severe crow's feet lines seen at maximum smile at baseline. Table 1 summarises results at day 30, the timepoint of the primary efficacy endpoint.

In Study 191622-104 (extension to Study 191622-099), 101 patients previously randomised to placebo were enrolled to receive their first treatment at the 44 Units dose. Patients treated with BOTOX had a statistically significant benefit in the primary efficacy endpoint compared to placebo at day 30 following their first active treatment. The response rate was similar to the 44 Units group at day 30 following first treatment in Study 191622-099. A total of 123 patients received 4 cycles of 44 Units BOTOX for combined crow's feet and glabellar lines treatment.

Day 30: Investigator and Patient Assessment of Crow's Feet Lines Seen at Maximum Smile - Responder Rates (% of Patients Achieving Crow's Feet Lines Severity Rating of None or Mild)