Budesonide

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (≥ 5%) in adults are: headache, respiratory infection, nausea, back pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting, fatigue and pain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, Northstar Rx LLC at 1-800-206-7821 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling: Hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 )] Symptoms of steroid withdrawal in those patients transferred from other systemic corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Increased risk of infection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Other corticosteroid effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adults The data described below reflect exposure to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in 520 patients with Crohn's disease, including 520 exposed to 9 mg per day (total daily dose) for 8 weeks and 145 exposed to 6 mg per day for one year in placebo controlled clinical trials. Of the 520 patients, 38% were males and the age range was 17 to 74 years. Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 651 adult patients in five clinical trials of 8 weeks duration in patients with active mild to moderate Crohn's disease. The most common adverse reactions, occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients, are listed in Table 1. Table 1 Common Adverse Reactions 1 in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials 1 Occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients in any treated group. 2 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week. 3 This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. Adverse Reaction Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg n=520 Number (%) Placebo n=107 Number (%) Prednisolone 2 40 mg n=145 Number (%) Comparator 3 n=88 Number (%) Headache 107(21) 19(18) 31(21) 11(13) Respiratory Infection 55(11) 7(7) 20(14) 5(6) Nausea 57(11) 10(9) 18(12) 7(8) Back Pain 36(7) 10(9) 17(12) 5(6) Dyspepsia 31(6) 4(4) 17(12) 3(3) Dizziness 38(7) 5(5) 18(12) 5(6) Abdominal Pain 32(6) 18(17) 6(4) 10(11) Flatulence 30(6) 6(6) 12(8) 5(6) Vomiting 29(6) 6(6) 6(4) 6(7) Fatigue 25(5) 8(7) 11(8) 0(0) Pain 24(5) 8(7) 17(12) 2(2) The incidence of signs and symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in 4 of the 5 short-term clinical trials are displayed in Table 2. Table 2 Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials 1 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week. 2 Statistically significantly different from budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg. 3 including hair growth increased, local and hair growth increased, general. Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg n=427 Placebo n=107 Prednisolone 1 40 mg n=145 Signs/Symptom Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Total 145 (34%) 29 (27%) 69 (48%) Acne 63(15) 14(13) 33(23) 2 Bruising Easily 63(15) 12(11) 13(9) Moon Face 46(11) 4(4) 53(37) 2 Swollen Ankles 32(7) 6(6) 13(9) Hirsutism 3 22(5) 2(2) 5(3) Buffalo hump 6(1) 2(2) 5(3) Skin Striae 4(1) 2(2) 0(0) Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 233 adult patients in four long-term clinical trials (52 weeks) of maintenance of clinical remission in patients with mild to moderate Crohn's disease. A total of 145 patients were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily. The adverse reaction profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily in maintenance of Crohn's disease was similar to that of short-term treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily in active Crohn's disease. In the long-term clinical trials, the following adverse reactions occurred in greater than or equal to 5% and are not listed in Table 1: diarrhea (10%); sinusitis (8%); infection viral (6%); and arthralgia (5%). Signs/symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in the long-term maintenance clinical trials are displayed in Table 3. Table 3 Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in Long-Term Studies Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 3 mg n=88 Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 6 mg n=145 Placebo n=143 Signs/Symptom Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Bruising easily 4(5) 15(10) 5(4) Acne 4(5) 14(10) 3(2) Moon face 3(3) 6(4) 0 Hirsutism 2(2) 5(3) 1(1) Swollen ankles 2(2) 3(2) 3(2) Buffalo hump 1(1) 1(1) 0 Skin striae 2(2) 0(0) 0 The incidence of signs/symptoms of hypercorticism as described above in long-term maintenance clinical trials was similar to that seen in the short-term treatment clinical trials. Less Common Adverse Reactions in Treatment and Maintenance Clinical Trials Less common adverse reactions (less than 5%), occurring in adult patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg (total daily dose) in short-term treatment clinical studies and/or budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg (total daily dose) in long-term maintenance clinical trials, with an incidence are listed below by system organ class: Cardiac disorders: palpitation, tachycardia Eye disorders: eye abnormality, vision abnormal General disorders and administration site conditions: asthenia, chest pain, dependent edema, face edema, flu-like disorder, malaise, fever Gastrointestinal disorders: anus disorder, enteritis, epigastric pain, gastrointestinal fistula, glossitis, hemorrhoids, intestinal obstruction, tongue edema, tooth disorder Infections and infestations: Ear infection - not otherwise specified, bronchitis, abscess, rhinitis, urinary tract infection, thrush Investigations: weight increased Metabolism and nutrition disorders: appetite increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthritis, cramps, myalgia Nervous system disorders: hyperkinesia, paresthesia, tremor, vertigo, somnolence, amnesia Psychiatric disorders: agitation, confusion, insomnia, nervousness, sleep disorder Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, micturition frequency, nocturia Reproductive system and breast disorders: intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual disorder Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, pharynx disorder Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: alopecia, dermatitis, eczema, skin disorder, sweating increased, purpura Vascular disorders: flushing, hypertension Bone Mineral Density A randomized, open, parallel-group multicenter safety clinical trial specifically compared the effect of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (less than 9 mg per day) and prednisolone (less than 40 mg per day) on bone mineral density over 2 years when used at doses adjusted to disease severity. Bone mineral density decreased significantly less with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) than with prednisolone in steroid-naïve patients, whereas no difference could be detected between treatment groups for steroid-dependent patients and previous steroid users. The incidence of symptoms associated with hypercorticism was significantly higher with prednisolone treatment. Clinical Laboratory Test Findings The following potentially clinically significant laboratory changes in clinical trials, irrespective of relationship to budesonide capsules (enteric coated), were reported in greater than or equal to 1% of patients: hypokalemia, leukocytosis, anemia, hematuria, pyuria, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased, alkaline phosphatase increased, atypical neutrophils, c-reactive protein increased and adrenal insufficiency. Pediatrics-Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease Adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age, who weigh more than 25 kg, were similar to those reactions described above in adult patients. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune System Disorders: Anaphylactic reactions Nervous System Disorders: Benign intracranial hypertension Psychiatric Disorders: Mood swings

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any of the ingredients in budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric-coated). ( 4 ) Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to budesonide or any of the ingredients of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis have occurred [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )].

11 DESCRIPTION Budesonide USP, the active ingredient of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), is a synthetic corticosteroid. Budesonide is designated chemically as (RS)-11β, 16α, 17,21- tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with butyraldehyde. Budesonide is provided as a mixture of two epimers (22R and 22S). The molecular formula of budesonide is C 25 H 34 O 6 and its molecular weight is 430.5. Its structural formula is: Budesonide, USP is a white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water and heptane, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and freely soluble in chloroform. Its partition coefficient between octanol and water at pH 5 is 1.6 x 10 3 ionic strength 0.01. Each capsule for oral administration contains 3 mg of micronized budesonide with the following inactive ingredients: acetyltributyl citrate, ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion, gelatin, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, polysorbate 80, simethicone emulsion, sodium lauryl sulfate, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate. The capsule shell is printed with black pharmaceutical ink which contains following ingredients: iron oxide black, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac. budesonide

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administration Instructions ( 2.1 ) Take once daily in the morning. Swallow whole. Do not chew or crush. For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, open the capsules and empty the granules onto one tablespoonful of applesauce. Mix and consume the entire contents within 30 minutes. Do not chew or crush. Follow with 8 ounces of water. Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of therapy. Recommended Dosage Mild to moderate active Crohn's disease ( 2.2 ) Adults: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks; repeat 8 week treatment courses for recurring episodes of active disease. Pediatrics 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily in the morning for 2 weeks. Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease ( 2.3 ) Adults: 6 mg once daily for up to 3 months; taper to complete cessation after 3 months. Continued treatment for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. When switching from oral prednisolone, begin tapering prednisolone concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Hepatic Impairment Consider reducing the dosage to 3 mg once daily in adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). ( 2.4 , 5.1 , 8.6 ) 2.1 Administration Instructions Take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) once daily in the morning. Swallow budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) whole. Do not chew or crush. For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, budesonide delayed-release capsules can be opened and administered as follows: Place one tablespoonful of applesauce into a clean container (e.g., empty bowl). The applesauce used should not be hot and should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. Open the capsule(s). Carefully empty all the granules inside the capsule(s) on the applesauce. Mix the granules with the applesauce. Consume the entire contents within 30 minutes of mixing. Do not chew or crush the granules. Do not save the applesauce and granules for future use. Follow the applesauce and granules immediately with a glass (8 ounces) of cool water to ensure complete swallowing of the granules. Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) therapy [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )]. 2.2 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease The recommended dosage of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) is: Adults 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks. Repeated 8 week courses of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) can be given for recurring episodes of active disease. Pediatric patients 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily for 2 weeks. 2.3 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease The recommended dosage in adults, following an 8 week course(s) of treatment for active disease and once the patient's symptoms are controlled (CDAI less than 150), is budesonide capsules(enteric coated) 6 mg orally once daily for maintenance of clinical remission up to 3 months. If symptom control is still maintained at 3 months an attempt to taper to complete cessation is recommended. Continued treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. Patients with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon have been switched from oral prednisolone to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) with no reported episodes of adrenal insufficiency. Since prednisolone should not be stopped abruptly, tapering should begin concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment. 2.4 Dosage Adjustment in Adult Patients with Hepatic Impairment Consider reducing the dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) to 3 mg once daily for adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )] .

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are corticosteroid indicated for: Treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon, in patients 8 years and older. ( 1.1 ) Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon in patients 8 years of age and older. 1.2 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults.

10 OVERDOSAGE Reports of acute toxicity and/or death following overdosage of glucocorticoids are rare. Treatment consists of immediate gastric lavage or emesis followed by supportive and symptomatic therapy. If corticosteroids are used at excessive doses for prolonged periods, systemic corticosteroid effects such as hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression may occur. For chronic overdosage in the case of severe disease requiring continuous steroid therapy, the dosage may be reduced temporarily. Single oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were lethal in female and male mice, respectively. The signs of acute toxicity were decreased motor activity, piloerection and generalized edema.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, grapefruit juice) : Can increase systemic budesonide concentrations: avoid use. ( 2.1 , 7.1 ) 7.1 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Budesonide is a substrate for CYP3A4. Avoid use with CYP3A4 inhibitors. Concomitant oral administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) caused an eight-fold increase of the systemic exposure to oral budesonide. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, erythromycin, and cyclosporine) can increase systemic budesonide concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Grapefruit Juice Avoid ingestion of grapefruit juice with budesonide. Intake of grapefruit juice which inhibits CYP3A4 activity with budesonide can increase the systemic exposure for budesonide [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Budesonide is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid and has a high glucocorticoid effect and a weak mineralocorticoid effect, and the affinity of budesonide to glucocorticoid receptors, which reflects the intrinsic potency of the drug, is about 200-fold that of cortisol and 15-fold that of prednisolone. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Treatment with glucocorticoids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is associated with a suppression of endogenous cortisol concentrations and an impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. There was a positive correlation between the percent (%) reduction of AUC 0-24 of plasma cortisol and systemic exposure to budesonide both in pediatric and adult patients. Adults Plasma cortisol suppression was compared following five days' administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and prednisolone in a crossover study in healthy volunteers. The mean decrease in the area under the plasma cortisol concentration-time curve over 24 hour (AUC 0-24 ) was greater (78%) with prednisolone 20 mg per day compared to 45% with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg per day. Pediatrics The effect of budesonide on endogenous cortisol concentrations was compared between pediatrics (n=8, aged 9 to 14 years) and adults (n=6) with active Crohn's disease following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily for 7 days. Compared to baseline values before treatment, the mean decrease in the AUC 0-24 of cortisol was 64% (±18%) in pediatrics and 50% (±27%) in adults after budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] . The responses to adrenocorticotropin challenge (i.e., ACTH stimulation test) was studied in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease in randomized, double-blind, active control study [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . After 8 weeks of treatment with 9 mg once daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg, the proportion of patients with normal response to the ACTH challenge was 6% in the budesonide group compared to none in the prednisolone group; the proportion of patients with morning p-cortisol of greater than 5 mcg/dL was 50% in the budesonide group compared to 22% in the prednisolone group. The mean morning p-cortisol was 6.3 mcg/dL in the budesonide group and 2.6 mcg/dL in the prednisolone group (Table 4). Table 4 Proportion of Pediatric Patients 8 to 17 years old with Peak Endogenous Cortisol Levels (above 18 mcg/dL) after ACTH Stimulation and Normal Response* to ACTH Challenge Following Administration of Budesonide Delayed-ReleaseCapsules(Enteric Coated) or Prednisolone for 8 weeks *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. Budesonide Prednisolone Peak plasma cortisol above 18 mcg/dL At baseline 91% (20/22) 91% (21/23) At week 8 25% (4/16) 0% (0/18) Normal response* to ACTH challenge At baseline 73% (16/22) 78% (18/23) At week 8 6% (1/16) 0% (0/18) 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Mean oral bioavailability of budesonide ranged from 9% to 21% both in patients and in healthy subjects, demonstrating a high first-pass elimination of the drug. Budesonide pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional following repeated administration in the dose range of 3 to 15 mg. No accumulation of budesonide was observed following repeated dosing. Following oral administration of a single dose of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in healthy subjects under fasting condition, the mean peak plasma concentration (C max ) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for budesonide were 1.50 ± 0.79 ng/mL and 14.13 ± 7.33 ng•hr/mL, respectively. The time to peak concentration (T max ) varied between 2 and 8 hours with a median value of 3.5 hours. In a different study, following oral administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for five days in healthy subjects, the mean C max and the steady state AUC for budesonide were 2.28 ± 0.77 ng/mL and 15.93 ± 6.29 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in patients with active Crohn's disease, the mean C max and AUC were 1.7 ± 0.9 ng/mL and 15.1 ± 8.5 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), the T max ranged in individual patients from 0.5 to 10 hours. Concomitant administration of a high-fat meal delayed the T max of budesonide by 2.3 hours compared to that under fasted conditions but did not significantly affect the AUC in healthy subjects. The mean C max and AUC of budesonide were similar when single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) was administered after opening the capsules and sprinkling the granules on applesauce versus as intact capsules in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects. The T max ranged from 3 to 10 hours with a median of 4 hours after administration of sprinkled granules on appleasauce. Distribution The mean volume of distribution (V ss ) of budesonide varied between 2.2 and 3.9 L/kg in healthy subjects and in patients. Plasma protein binding was estimated to be 85% to 90% in the concentration range 0.43 to 99.02 ng/mL , independent of gender. The erythrocyte/plasma partition ratio at clinically relevant concentrations was about 0.8. Elimination Budesonide had a plasma clearance, 0.9 to 1.8 L/min in healthy adults. Mean plasma clearance after intravenous administration of budesonide in patients with Crohn's disease was 1.0 L/min. These plasma clearance values approached the estimated liver blood flow, and, accordingly, suggest that budesonide is a high hepatic clearance drug. The plasma elimination half-life after administration of intravenous doses ranged between 2 and 3.6 hours, and did not differ between healthy adults and patients with Crohn's disease. The mean ± SD plasma elimination half-life after a single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects was 6.3 ± 1.6 hours and ranged between 2 and 8 hours. Metabolism Following absorption, budesonide is subject to high first pass metabolism (80% to 90%). In vitro experiments in human liver microsomes demonstrated that budesonide is rapidly and extensively biotransformed, mainly by CYP3A4, to its 2 major metabolites, 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone. The corticosteroid activity of these metabolites was negligible (less than 1/100) in relation to that of the parent compound. In vivo investigations with intravenous doses in healthy subjects were in agreement with the in vitro findings. Excretion Budesonide was excreted in urine and feces in the form of metabolites. After oral as well as intravenous administration of micronized [ 3 H]-budesonide, approximately 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in urine. The major metabolites, including 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone, are mainly renally excreted, intact or in conjugated forms. No unchanged budesonide was detected in urine. Specific Populations Age: Pediatric Population (8 years and older) The pharmacokinetics of budesonide were investigated in pediatric patients aged 9 to 14 years (n=8) after oral administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and intravenous administration of budesonide. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily for 7 days, the median time to peak plasma concentration of budesonide was 5 hours and the mean peak plasma concentration was 2.58 ± 1.51 ng/mL. The mean AUC was 17.78 ± 5.25 ng•hr/mL and 17% higher than that in adult patients with Crohn's disease in the same study. The mean absolute oral availability was 9.2% (3 to 17%; n=4) in pediatric patients. After single dose administration of intravenous budesonide (n=4), the mean volume of distribution (V ss ) was 2.2 ± 0.4 L/kg and mean clearance was 0.81 ± 0.2 L/min. The mean elimination half-life was 1.9 hours in pediatric patients. The body-weight normalized clearance in pediatric patients was 20.5 mL/min/kg in comparison to 15.9 mL/min/kg in adult patients after intravenous administration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Population ( 8.4 )] . Hepatic Impairment In patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A, n=4) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) hepatic impairment, budesonide 4 mg was administered orally as a single dose. The patients with moderate hepatic impairment had a 3.5-fold higher AUC compared to the healthy subjects with normal hepatic function while the patients with mild hepatic impairment had an approximately 1.4-fold higher AUC. The C max values demonstrated similar increases [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . The increased systemic exposure in patients with mild hepatic impairment was not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) were not studied. Drug Interaction Studies Budesonide is metabolized via CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide several-fold. Conversely, induction of CYP3A4 potentially could result in the lowering of budesonide plasma concentrations. Effects of Other Drugs on Budesonide Ketoconazole In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, 6 healthy subjects were given budesonide 10 mg as a single dose, either alone or concomitantly with the last ketoconazole dose of 3 days treatment with ketoconazole 100 mg twice daily. Co-administration of ketoconazole resulted in an eight-fold increase in AUC of budesonide, compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Grapefruit Juice In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 8 healthy subjects were given budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg, either alone, or concomitantly with 600 mL concentrated grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), on the last of 4 daily administrations. Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice resulted in a 2-fold increase of the bioavailability of budesonide compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Oral Contraceptives (CYP3A4 Substrates) In a parallel study, the pharmacokinetics of budesonide were not significantly different between healthy female subjects who received oral contraceptives containing desogestrel 0.15 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 μg and healthy female subjects who did not receive oral contraceptives. Budesonide 4.5 mg once daily (one-half the recommended dose) for one week did not affect the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol, a CYP3A4 substrate. The effect of budesonide 9 mg once daily on the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol was not studied. Omeprazole In a study in 11 healthy subjects, performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled manner, the effect of 5 to 6 days treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide administered as budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg as a single dose was investigated. Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not affect the absorption or pharmacokinetics of budesonide. Cimetidine In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, the potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide was studied. Six healthy subjects received cimetidine 1 gram daily (200 mg with meals and 400 mg at night) for 2 separate 3-day periods. Budesonide 4 mg was administered either alone or on the last day of one of the cimetidine treatment periods. Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in a 52% and 31% increase in the budesonide peak plasma concentration and the AUC of budesonide, respectively.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Budesonide is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid and has a high glucocorticoid effect and a weak mineralocorticoid effect, and the affinity of budesonide to glucocorticoid receptors, which reflects the intrinsic potency of the drug, is about 200-fold that of cortisol and 15-fold that of prednisolone.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics Treatment with glucocorticoids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is associated with a suppression of endogenous cortisol concentrations and an impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. There was a positive correlation between the percent (%) reduction of AUC 0-24 of plasma cortisol and systemic exposure to budesonide both in pediatric and adult patients. Adults Plasma cortisol suppression was compared following five days' administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and prednisolone in a crossover study in healthy volunteers. The mean decrease in the area under the plasma cortisol concentration-time curve over 24 hour (AUC 0-24 ) was greater (78%) with prednisolone 20 mg per day compared to 45% with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg per day. Pediatrics The effect of budesonide on endogenous cortisol concentrations was compared between pediatrics (n=8, aged 9 to 14 years) and adults (n=6) with active Crohn's disease following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily for 7 days. Compared to baseline values before treatment, the mean decrease in the AUC 0-24 of cortisol was 64% (±18%) in pediatrics and 50% (±27%) in adults after budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] . The responses to adrenocorticotropin challenge (i.e., ACTH stimulation test) was studied in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease in randomized, double-blind, active control study [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . After 8 weeks of treatment with 9 mg once daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg, the proportion of patients with normal response to the ACTH challenge was 6% in the budesonide group compared to none in the prednisolone group; the proportion of patients with morning p-cortisol of greater than 5 mcg/dL was 50% in the budesonide group compared to 22% in the prednisolone group. The mean morning p-cortisol was 6.3 mcg/dL in the budesonide group and 2.6 mcg/dL in the prednisolone group (Table 4). Table 4 Proportion of Pediatric Patients 8 to 17 years old with Peak Endogenous Cortisol Levels (above 18 mcg/dL) after ACTH Stimulation and Normal Response* to ACTH Challenge Following Administration of Budesonide Delayed-ReleaseCapsules(Enteric Coated) or Prednisolone for 8 weeks *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. Budesonide Prednisolone Peak plasma cortisol above 18 mcg/dL At baseline 91% (20/22) 91% (21/23) At week 8 25% (4/16) 0% (0/18) Normal response* to ACTH challenge At baseline 73% (16/22) 78% (18/23) At week 8 6% (1/16) 0% (0/18)

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Mean oral bioavailability of budesonide ranged from 9% to 21% both in patients and in healthy subjects, demonstrating a high first-pass elimination of the drug. Budesonide pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional following repeated administration in the dose range of 3 to 15 mg. No accumulation of budesonide was observed following repeated dosing. Following oral administration of a single dose of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in healthy subjects under fasting condition, the mean peak plasma concentration (C max ) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for budesonide were 1.50 ± 0.79 ng/mL and 14.13 ± 7.33 ng•hr/mL, respectively. The time to peak concentration (T max ) varied between 2 and 8 hours with a median value of 3.5 hours. In a different study, following oral administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for five days in healthy subjects, the mean C max and the steady state AUC for budesonide were 2.28 ± 0.77 ng/mL and 15.93 ± 6.29 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in patients with active Crohn's disease, the mean C max and AUC were 1.7 ± 0.9 ng/mL and 15.1 ± 8.5 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), the T max ranged in individual patients from 0.5 to 10 hours. Concomitant administration of a high-fat meal delayed the T max of budesonide by 2.3 hours compared to that under fasted conditions but did not significantly affect the AUC in healthy subjects. The mean C max and AUC of budesonide were similar when single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) was administered after opening the capsules and sprinkling the granules on applesauce versus as intact capsules in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects. The T max ranged from 3 to 10 hours with a median of 4 hours after administration of sprinkled granules on appleasauce. Distribution The mean volume of distribution (V ss ) of budesonide varied between 2.2 and 3.9 L/kg in healthy subjects and in patients. Plasma protein binding was estimated to be 85% to 90% in the concentration range 0.43 to 99.02 ng/mL , independent of gender. The erythrocyte/plasma partition ratio at clinically relevant concentrations was about 0.8. Elimination Budesonide had a plasma clearance, 0.9 to 1.8 L/min in healthy adults. Mean plasma clearance after intravenous administration of budesonide in patients with Crohn's disease was 1.0 L/min. These plasma clearance values approached the estimated liver blood flow, and, accordingly, suggest that budesonide is a high hepatic clearance drug. The plasma elimination half-life after administration of intravenous doses ranged between 2 and 3.6 hours, and did not differ between healthy adults and patients with Crohn's disease. The mean ± SD plasma elimination half-life after a single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects was 6.3 ± 1.6 hours and ranged between 2 and 8 hours. Metabolism Following absorption, budesonide is subject to high first pass metabolism (80% to 90%). In vitro experiments in human liver microsomes demonstrated that budesonide is rapidly and extensively biotransformed, mainly by CYP3A4, to its 2 major metabolites, 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone. The corticosteroid activity of these metabolites was negligible (less than 1/100) in relation to that of the parent compound. In vivo investigations with intravenous doses in healthy subjects were in agreement with the in vitro findings. Excretion Budesonide was excreted in urine and feces in the form of metabolites. After oral as well as intravenous administration of micronized [ 3 H]-budesonide, approximately 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in urine. The major metabolites, including 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone, are mainly renally excreted, intact or in conjugated forms. No unchanged budesonide was detected in urine. Specific Populations Age: Pediatric Population (8 years and older) The pharmacokinetics of budesonide were investigated in pediatric patients aged 9 to 14 years (n=8) after oral administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and intravenous administration of budesonide. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily for 7 days, the median time to peak plasma concentration of budesonide was 5 hours and the mean peak plasma concentration was 2.58 ± 1.51 ng/mL. The mean AUC was 17.78 ± 5.25 ng•hr/mL and 17% higher than that in adult patients with Crohn's disease in the same study. The mean absolute oral availability was 9.2% (3 to 17%; n=4) in pediatric patients. After single dose administration of intravenous budesonide (n=4), the mean volume of distribution (V ss ) was 2.2 ± 0.4 L/kg and mean clearance was 0.81 ± 0.2 L/min. The mean elimination half-life was 1.9 hours in pediatric patients. The body-weight normalized clearance in pediatric patients was 20.5 mL/min/kg in comparison to 15.9 mL/min/kg in adult patients after intravenous administration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Population ( 8.4 )] . Hepatic Impairment In patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A, n=4) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) hepatic impairment, budesonide 4 mg was administered orally as a single dose. The patients with moderate hepatic impairment had a 3.5-fold higher AUC compared to the healthy subjects with normal hepatic function while the patients with mild hepatic impairment had an approximately 1.4-fold higher AUC. The C max values demonstrated similar increases [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . The increased systemic exposure in patients with mild hepatic impairment was not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) were not studied. Drug Interaction Studies Budesonide is metabolized via CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide several-fold. Conversely, induction of CYP3A4 potentially could result in the lowering of budesonide plasma concentrations. Effects of Other Drugs on Budesonide Ketoconazole In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, 6 healthy subjects were given budesonide 10 mg as a single dose, either alone or concomitantly with the last ketoconazole dose of 3 days treatment with ketoconazole 100 mg twice daily. Co-administration of ketoconazole resulted in an eight-fold increase in AUC of budesonide, compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Grapefruit Juice In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 8 healthy subjects were given budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg, either alone, or concomitantly with 600 mL concentrated grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), on the last of 4 daily administrations. Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice resulted in a 2-fold increase of the bioavailability of budesonide compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Oral Contraceptives (CYP3A4 Substrates) In a parallel study, the pharmacokinetics of budesonide were not significantly different between healthy female subjects who received oral contraceptives containing desogestrel 0.15 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 μg and healthy female subjects who did not receive oral contraceptives. Budesonide 4.5 mg once daily (one-half the recommended dose) for one week did not affect the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol, a CYP3A4 substrate. The effect of budesonide 9 mg once daily on the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol was not studied. Omeprazole In a study in 11 healthy subjects, performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled manner, the effect of 5 to 6 days treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide administered as budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg as a single dose was investigated. Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not affect the absorption or pharmacokinetics of budesonide. Cimetidine In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, the potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide was studied. Six healthy subjects received cimetidine 1 gram daily (200 mg with meals and 400 mg at night) for 2 separate 3-day periods. Budesonide 4 mg was administered either alone or on the last day of one of the cimetidine treatment periods. Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in a 52% and 31% increase in the budesonide peak plasma concentration and the AUC of budesonide, respectively.

20221206

6

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Delayed-Release Capsules: 3 mg ( 3 ) Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), 3 mg are white to off-white, free flowing pellets, filled in size '1' hard gelatin capsules having opaque light-orange colored cap printed with "720" in black ink and opaque white body.

budesonide budesonide BUDESONIDE BUDESONIDE ACETYLTRIBUTYL CITRATE DIMETHICONE ETHYLCELLULOSES FERRIC OXIDE RED FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE GELATIN METHACRYLIC ACID AND ETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER POLYSORBATE 80 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL SHELLAC SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE SUCROSE TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE TRIETHYL CITRATE OPAQUE LIGHT-ORANGE OPAQUE WHITE CAPSULE 720

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity studies with budesonide were conducted in rats and mice. In a two-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of gliomas in male rats at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In addition, there were increased incidences of primary hepatocellular tumors in male rats at 25 mcg/kg (approximately 0.023 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and above. No tumorigenicity was seen in female rats at oral doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an additional two-year study in male Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused no gliomas at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). However, it caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). The concurrent reference corticosteroids (prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide) showed similar findings. In a 91-week study in mice, budesonide caused no treatment-related carcinogenicity at oral doses up to 200 mcg/kg (approximately 0.1 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Budesonide was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the mouse lymphoma cell forward gene mutation (TK +/- ) test, the human lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, the Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethality test, the rat hepatocyte UDS test and the mouse micronucleus test. In rats, budesonide had no effect on fertility at subcutaneous doses up to 80 mcg/kg (approximately 0.07 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). However, it caused a decrease in prenatal viability and viability in pups at birth and during lactation, along with a decrease in maternal body-weight gain, at subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg (approximately 0.02 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and above. No such effects were noted at 5 mcg/kg (approximately 0.005 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis).

ANDA206134

Budesonide

budesonide

16714-829

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

ORAL

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 16714-829-01 in bottle of 100 capsules Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg Rx only Budesonide Capsules label

Manufactured for: Northstar Rx LLC Memphis, TN 38141 Manufactured by: Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. Ahmedabad, India. Rev.: 09/22

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise Patients to read the FDA-Approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Hypercorticism and Adrenal Axis Suppression Advise patients that budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may cause hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression and to follow a taper schedule, as instructed by their healthcare provider if transferring to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) from systemic corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )] . Advise patients that replacement of systemic corticosteroids with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may unmask allergies (e.g., rhinitis and eczema), which were previously controlled by the systemic drug. Increased Risk of Infection Advise patients to avoid exposure to people with chicken pox or measles and, if exposed, to consult their healthcare provider immediately. Inform patients that they are at increased risk of developing a variety of infections; including worsening of existing tuberculosis, fungal, bacterial, viral or parasitic infections or ocular herpes simplex and to contact their healthcare provider if they develop any symptoms of infection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Pregnancy Advise female patients that budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may cause fetal harm and to inform their healthcare provider with a known or suspected pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Administration Take budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in the morning. Swallow budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) capsules whole. Do not chew or crush. For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, budesonide delayed-release capsules can be opened and administered as follows: Place one tablespoonful of applesauce into a clean container (e.g., empty bowl). The applesauce used should not be hot and should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. Open the capsule(s). Carefully empty all the granules inside the capsule(s) on the applesauce. Mix the granules with the applesauce. Consume the entire contents within 30 minutes of mixing. Do not chew or crush the granules. Do not save the applesauce and granules for future use. Follow the applesauce and granules immediately with a glass (8 ounces) of cool water to ensure complete swallowing of the granules. Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of their budesonide capsules (enteric coated) therapy [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )].

14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease Adults The efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) were evaluated in 994 patients with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease of the ileum and/or ascending colon in 5 randomized and double-blind studies of 8 weeks duration. The study patients ranged in age from 17 to 85 (mean 35), 40% were male and 97% were white. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was the main clinical assessment used for determining efficacy in these 5 studies. 1 The CDAI is a validated index based on subjective aspects rated by the patient (frequency of liquid or very soft stools, abdominal pain rating and general well-being) and objective observations (number of extraintestinal symptoms, need for antidiarrheal drugs, presence of abdominal mass, body weight and hematocrit). Clinical improvement, defined as a CDAI score of less than or equal to 150 assessed after 8 weeks of treatment, was the primary efficacy variable in these 5 comparative efficacy studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Safety assessments in these studies included monitoring of adverse reactions. A checklist of potential symptoms of hypercorticism was used. One study (Study 1) compared the efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily in the morning to a comparator. At baseline, the median CDAI was 272. budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily resulted in a significantly higher clinical improvement rate at Week 8 than the comparator. See Table 5. Table 5 Clinical Improvement Rates (CDAI less than or equal to 150) After 8 weeks of Treatment 1. p=0.0004 compared to comparator. 2. p=0.001 compared to placebo. 3. This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. Clinical Study Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg Daily Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 4.5 mg Twice Daily Comparator 3 Placebo Prednisolone 1 62/91 (69%) 1 37/83 (45%) 2 31/61 (51%) 2 13/64 (20%) 3 38/79 (48%) 41/78 (53%) 13/40 (33%) 4 35/58 (60%) 25/60 (42%) 35/58 (60%) 5 45/86 (52%) 56/85 (65%) Two placebo-controlled clinical trials (Studies 2 and 3) were conducted. Study 2 involved 258 patients and tested the effects of graded doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (1.5 mg twice daily, 4.5 mg twice daily, or 7.5 mg twice daily) versus placebo. At baseline, the median CDAI was 290. The 1.5 mg twice daily arm (data not shown) could not be differentiated from placebo. The 4.5 mg twice daily arm was statistically different from placebo (Table 5), while no additional benefit was seen when the daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) dose was increased to 15 mg per day (data not shown). Study 3 was a 3-armed parallel group study. The groups were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 4.5 mg twice daily and placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week double-blind taper phase. The median CDAI at baseline was 263. Neither 9 mg daily nor 4.5 mg twice daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) dose levels were statistically different from placebo (Table 5). The recommended dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon in adults is 9 mg once daily in the morning for up to 8 weeks [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . Two clinical trials (Studies 4 and 5) compared budesonide capsules (enteric coated) with oral prednisolone (initial dose 40 mg per day). Study 4 was a 3-armed parallel group study. The groups were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 4.5 mg twice daily and prednisolone 40 mg (tapered dose) for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week double blind taper phase. At baseline, the median CDAI was 277. Equal clinical improvement rates (60%) were seen in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily and the prednisolone groups in Study 4. In Study 5, 13% fewer patients in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) group experienced clinical improvement than in the prednisolone group (no statistical difference) (Table 5). The proportion of patients with normal plasma cortisol values (greater than 64.58 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) groups in both trials (60% to 66%) than in the prednisolone groups (26% to 28%) at Week 8. Pediatrics (8 to 17 Years of Age) The effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, who weigh more than 25 kg with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease (defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≥ 200) involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon, was assessed in one randomized, double-blind, active control study. This study compared budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg. Twenty-two (22) patients were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) capsules and 24 patients were treated with prednisolone. After 8 weeks of treatment, 55% (95% CI: 32%, 77%) of patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) reached the endpoint (CDAI ≤150), as compared to 68% (95% CI: 47%, 89%) of patients treated with prednisolone. The average number of liquid or very soft stools per day (assessed over 7 days) decreased from 1.49 at baseline to 0.96 after treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and 2.00 at baseline to 0.52 after treatment with prednisolone. The average daily abdominal pain rating (where 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe) decreased from 1.49 at baseline to 0.54 after treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and 1.64 at baseline to 0.38 after 8 weeks of treatment with prednisolone. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, and by safety and pharmacokinetic studies performed in pediatric patients. 14.2 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease Adults The efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for maintenance of clinical remission were evaluated in four double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month trials in which 380 patients were randomized and treated once daily with 3 mg or 6 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or placebo. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 73 (mean 37) years. Sixty percent of the patients were female and 99% were Caucasian. The mean CDAI at entry was 96. Among the four clinical trials, approximately 75% of the patients enrolled had exclusively ileal disease. Colonoscopy was not performed following treatment. Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day prolonged the time to relapse, defined as an increase in CDAI of at least 60 units to a total score greater than 150 or withdrawal due to disease deterioration. The median time to relapse in the pooled population of the 4 studies was 154 days for patients taking placebo, and 268 days for patients taking budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day. Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day reduced the proportion of patients with loss of symptom control relative to placebo in the pooled population for the 4 studies at 3 months (28% versus 45% for placebo).

15 REFERENCES Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F: Development of a Crohn's Disease Activity Index, National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology 1976; 70(3): 439-444.

8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Of the 651 patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in clinical studies, 17 (3%) were greater than or equal to 65 years of age and none were greater than 74 years of age. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Lactation studies have not been conducted with oral budesonide, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), and no information is available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide [ see Data ]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from budesonide capsules (enteric coated), or from the underlying maternal condition. Data One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide which resulted in infant doses approximately 0.3% to 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. Budesonide plasma concentrations were not detected and no adverse events were noted in the breastfed infants following maternal use of inhaled budesonide. The recommended daily dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is higher (up to 9 mg daily) compared with inhaled budesonide (up to 800 mcg daily) given to mothers in the above described study. The maximum budesonide plasma concentration following a 9 mg daily dose (in both single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetic studies) of oral budesonide is approximately 2.15 to 4.31 ng/mL which is up to 10 times higher than the 0.43 to 0.86 ng/mL for a 800 mcg daily dose of inhaled budesonide at steady state in the above inhalation study. Assuming the coefficient of extrapolation between the inhaled and oral doses is constant across all dose levels, at therapeutic doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), budesonide exposure to the nursing child may be up to 10 times higher than that by budesonide inhalation.

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have been established in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age who weigh more than 25 kg for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, with additional data from 2 clinical studies in 149 pediatric patients treated up to 8 weeks and one pharmacokinetic study in 8 pediatric patients [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The observed safety profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in pediatric patients is consistent with its known safety profile in adults and no new safety concerns were identified [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease. An open-label study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) as maintenance treatment in pediatric patients aged 5 to 17 years was conducted, and did not establish the safety and efficacy of maintenance of clinical remission. Systemic corticosteroids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), may cause a reduction of growth velocity in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with Crohn's disease have a 17% higher mean systemic exposure and cortisol suppression than adults with Crohn's disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] .

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Limited published studies report on the use of budesonide in pregnant women; however, the data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. There are clinical considerations [see Clinical Considerations]. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant rats and rabbits, administration of subcutaneous budesonide during organogenesis at doses approximately 0.5 times or 0.05 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, resulted in increased fetal loss, decreased pup weights, and skeletal abnormalities. Maternal toxicity was observed in both rats and rabbits at these dose levels [ see Data ]. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage of the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Some published epidemiological studies show an association of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with Crohn's disease, including preterm birth and low birth weight infants, during periods of increased disease activity (including increased stool frequency and abdominal pain). Pregnant women with Crohn's disease should be counseled regarding the importance of controlling disease. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Hypoadrenalism may occur in infants born of mothers receiving corticosteroids during pregnancy. Infants should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism, such as poor feeding, irritability, weakness, and vomiting, and managed accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Data Animal Data Budesonide was teratogenic and embryolethal in rabbits and rats. In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 15 there were effects on fetal development and survival at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, there was an increase in maternal abortion, and effects on fetal development and reduction in litter weights at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 25 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Maternal toxicity, including reduction in body weight gain, was observed at subcutaneous doses of 5 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.01 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In a peri-and post-natal development study, rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of Day 15 post coitum to Day 21 postpartum, budesonide had no effects on delivery but did have an effect on growth and development of offspring. In addition, offspring survival was reduced and surviving offspring had decreased mean body weights at birth and during lactation at exposures 0.02 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg/day and higher). These findings occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy : Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Limited published studies report on the use of budesonide in pregnant women; however, the data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. There are clinical considerations [see Clinical Considerations]. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant rats and rabbits, administration of subcutaneous budesonide during organogenesis at doses approximately 0.5 times or 0.05 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, resulted in increased fetal loss, decreased pup weights, and skeletal abnormalities. Maternal toxicity was observed in both rats and rabbits at these dose levels [ see Data ]. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage of the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Some published epidemiological studies show an association of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with Crohn's disease, including preterm birth and low birth weight infants, during periods of increased disease activity (including increased stool frequency and abdominal pain). Pregnant women with Crohn's disease should be counseled regarding the importance of controlling disease. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Hypoadrenalism may occur in infants born of mothers receiving corticosteroids during pregnancy. Infants should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism, such as poor feeding, irritability, weakness, and vomiting, and managed accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Data Animal Data Budesonide was teratogenic and embryolethal in rabbits and rats. In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 15 there were effects on fetal development and survival at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, there was an increase in maternal abortion, and effects on fetal development and reduction in litter weights at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 25 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Maternal toxicity, including reduction in body weight gain, was observed at subcutaneous doses of 5 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.01 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In a peri-and post-natal development study, rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of Day 15 post coitum to Day 21 postpartum, budesonide had no effects on delivery but did have an effect on growth and development of offspring. In addition, offspring survival was reduced and surviving offspring had decreased mean body weights at birth and during lactation at exposures 0.02 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg/day and higher). These findings occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Lactation studies have not been conducted with oral budesonide, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), and no information is available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide [ see Data ]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from budesonide capsules (enteric coated), or from the underlying maternal condition. Data One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide which resulted in infant doses approximately 0.3% to 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. Budesonide plasma concentrations were not detected and no adverse events were noted in the breastfed infants following maternal use of inhaled budesonide. The recommended daily dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is higher (up to 9 mg daily) compared with inhaled budesonide (up to 800 mcg daily) given to mothers in the above described study. The maximum budesonide plasma concentration following a 9 mg daily dose (in both single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetic studies) of oral budesonide is approximately 2.15 to 4.31 ng/mL which is up to 10 times higher than the 0.43 to 0.86 ng/mL for a 800 mcg daily dose of inhaled budesonide at steady state in the above inhalation study. Assuming the coefficient of extrapolation between the inhaled and oral doses is constant across all dose levels, at therapeutic doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), budesonide exposure to the nursing child may be up to 10 times higher than that by budesonide inhalation. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have been established in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age who weigh more than 25 kg for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, with additional data from 2 clinical studies in 149 pediatric patients treated up to 8 weeks and one pharmacokinetic study in 8 pediatric patients [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The observed safety profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in pediatric patients is consistent with its known safety profile in adults and no new safety concerns were identified [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease. An open-label study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) as maintenance treatment in pediatric patients aged 5 to 17 years was conducted, and did not establish the safety and efficacy of maintenance of clinical remission. Systemic corticosteroids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), may cause a reduction of growth velocity in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with Crohn's disease have a 17% higher mean systemic exposure and cortisol suppression than adults with Crohn's disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Of the 651 patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in clinical studies, 17 (3%) were greater than or equal to 65 years of age and none were greater than 74 years of age. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B and C, respectively) could be at an increased risk of hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression due to an increased systemic exposure to budesonide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C). Monitor for increased signs and/or symptoms of hypercorticism and consider dosage reduction in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B) [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)] . No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A).

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) 3 mg are white to off-white, free flowing pellets, filled in size '1' hard gelatin capsules having opaque light-orange colored cap printed with "720" in black ink and opaque white body and are supplied as follows: NDC 16714-829-01 in bottle of 100 capsules Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep container tightly closed.