Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Abuse and Dependence [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3 )] Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other ingredients of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride [see Contraindications ( 4 )] Hypertensive crisis with Concomitant Use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] Serious Cardiovascular Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Increases [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Psychiatric Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s phenomenon [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Long-term Suppression of Growth [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 7 )] The most common adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 5% and twice the rate of placebo) in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years were abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and anorexia ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Lannett Company, Inc. at 1-844-834-0530 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Clinical Trials Experience With Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride in Pediatric Patients With ADHD The safety data in this section is based on data related to dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride exposure during the premarketing development program in a total of 696 participants in clinical trials (684 patients, 12 healthy adult subjects). These participants received dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride 5, 10, or 20 mg/day. The 684 ADHD patients (ages 6 to 17 years) were evaluated in 2 controlled clinical studies, 2 clinical pharmacology studies, and 2 open-label long-term safety studies. Most Common Adverse Reactions (incidence of greater than or equal to 5% and at least twice placebo): abdominal pain, fever, anorexia, and nausea Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation : Overall, 50 of 684 (7.3%) pediatric patients treated with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride experienced an adverse reaction that resulted in discontinuation. The most common reasons for discontinuation were twitching (described as motor or vocal tics), anorexia, insomnia, and tachycardia (approximately 1% each). Table 1 enumerates adverse reactions for two, placebo-controlled, parallel group studies in pediatric patients with ADHD taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/day. The table includes only those reactions that occurred in patients treated with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for which the incidence was at least 5% and twice the incidence among placebo-treated patients. Table 1: Common Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients (6 to 17 years of age) With ADHD System Organ Class Adverse Reactions Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride (N = 79) Placebo (N = 82) Body as a Whole Abdominal pain 15% 6% Fever 5% 1% Digestive System Anorexia 6% 1% Nausea 9% 1% Abbreviation: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of dexmethylphenidate. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Musculoskeletal: rhabdomyolysis Immune System Disorders : hypersensitivity reactions, such as angioedema, anaphylactic reactions Adverse Reactions Reported With All Ritalin and Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Formulations The following adverse reactions associated with the use of all Ritalin and dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride formulations were identified in clinical trials, spontaneous reports, and literature. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Infections and Infestations: nasopharyngitis Blood and the Lymphatic System Disorders: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: decreased appetite, reduced weight gain, and suppression of growth during prolonged use in pediatric patients Psychiatric Disorders: insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, agitation, psychosis (sometimes with visual and tactile hallucinations), depressed mood Nervous System Disorders: headache, dizziness, tremor, dyskinesia, including choreoatheetoid movements, drowsiness, convulsions, cerebrovascular disorders (including vasculitis, cerebral hemorrhages, and cerebrovascular accidents), serotonin syndrome in combination with serotonergic drugs Eye Disorders: blurred vision, difficulties in visual accommodation Cardiac Disorders: tachycardia, palpitations, increased blood pressure, arrhythmias, angina pectoris Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: cough Gastrointestinal Disorders: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia Hepatobiliary Disorders: abnormal liver function, ranging from transaminase elevation to severe hepatic injury Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : hyperhidrosis, pruritus, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, scalp hair loss, erythema multiforme rash, thrombocytopenic purpura Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: arthralgia, muscle cramps, rhabdomyolysis Investigations: weight loss (adult ADHD patients) Additional Adverse Reactions Reported With Other Methylphenidate-Containing Products The list below shows adverse reactions not listed with Ritalin and dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride formulations that have been reported with other methylphenidate products based on clinical trials data and post-marketing spontaneous reports. Blood and Lymphatic Disorders: pancytopenia Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions, such as auricular swelling Psychiatric Disorders: affect lability, mania, disorientation, libido changes Nervous System Disorders : migraine Eye Disorders : diplopia, mydriasis Cardiac Disorders : sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, bradycardia, extrasystole, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular extrasystole Vascular Disorders: peripheral coldness, Raynaud's phenomenon Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: pharyngolaryngeal pain, dyspnea Gastrointestinal Disorders: diarrhea, constipation Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: angioneurotic edema, erythema, fixed drug eruption Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders: myalgia, muscle twitching Renal and Urinary Disorders: hematuria Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: gynecomastia General Disorders: fatigue Urogenital Disorders: priapism

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other components of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Hypersensitivity reactions, such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with methylphenidate [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . Concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with an MAOI, because of the risk of hypertensive crises [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other components of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride ( 4 ). Concurrent treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), or use of an MAOI within the preceding 14 days ( 4 ).

11 DESCRIPTION Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets contain dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, a CNS stimulant. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is the d-threo enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate hydrochloride. Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride is available as 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg strength tablets for oral administration. Chemically, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride, (R,R’)-(+)-. Its molecular formula is C 14 H 19 NO 2 •HCl. Its structural formula is: Note: * = asymmetric carbon centers Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and in methanol, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in acetone. Its molecular weight is 269.77 g/mol. Inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium starch glycolate (potato), pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, and FD&C Blue No.1 aluminum lake (2.5 mg tablets), D&C Yellow Lake #10 (5 mg tablets); the 10 mg tablet contains no dye. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride structural formula.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer orally twice daily, 4 hours apart with or without food ( 2 ). For patients new to methylphenidate: Recommend starting dose of 5 mg once daily (2.5 mg twice daily) ( 2.2 ). For patients currently taking methylphenidate: Initiate dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride therapy with half (1/2) the current total daily dose of methylphenidate ( 2.2 ). Titrate weekly in increments of 2.5 to 5 mg to a maximum of 20 mg/day (10 mg twice daily) ( 2.2 ). 2.1 Pretreatment Screening Prior to treating pediatric patients and adults with central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, assess for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy. Maintain careful prescription records, educate patients about abuse, monitor for signs of abuse and overdose, and periodically reevaluate the need for dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride use [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9 .2 , 9.3 )] . 2.2 Pediatric Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients New to Methylphenidate The recommended starting dose of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for pediatric patients who are not currently taking racemic methylphenidate, or for patients who are on stimulants other than methylphenidate, is 5 mg daily (2.5 mg twice daily) with or without food. Patients Currently on Methylphenidate The recommended starting dose of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for pediatric patients currently using methylphenidate is half (1/2) the total daily dose of racemic methylphenidate. Titration Schedule The dose may be titrated weekly in increments of 2.5 to 5 mg to a maximum of 20 mg daily (10 mg twice daily). The dose should be individualized according to the needs and response of the patient. Maintenance/Extended Treatment Pharmacological treatment of ADHD may be needed for extended periods. Periodically reevaluate the long-term use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and adjust dosage as needed. 2.3 Administration Instructions Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is administered orally twice daily, at least 4 hours apart. 2.4 Dose Reduction and Discontinuation If paradoxical aggravation of symptoms or other adverse reactions occur, reduce the dosage, or if necessary, discontinue dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. If improvement is not observed after appropriate dosage adjustment over a one-month period, the drug should be discontinued.

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ( 1 ).

9.2 Abuse CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Abuse is characterized by impaired control over drug use despite harm, and craving. Signs and symptoms of CNS stimulant abuse include increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and/or sweating, dilated pupils, hyperactivity, restlessness, insomnia, decreased appetite, loss of coordination, tremors, flushed skin, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed. Abusers of CNS stimulants may chew, snort, inject, or use other unapproved routes of administration which may result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] . To reduce the abuse of CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing. After prescribing, keep careful prescription records, educate patients and their families about abuse and on proper storage and disposal of CNS stimulants [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling ( 16 )] , monitor for signs of abuse while on therapy, and reevaluate the need for dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride use.

9.1 Controlled Substance Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride contains dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, a Schedule II controlled substance.

9.3 Dependence Tolerance Tolerance (a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug results in a reduction of the drug’s desired and/or undesired effects over time) can occur during chronic therapy with CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Dependence Physical dependence (which is manifested by a withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist) can occur in patients treated with CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Withdrawal symptoms after abrupt cessation following prolonged high-dosage administration of CNS stimulants include dysphoric mood; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation.

9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 9.1 Controlled Substance Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride contains dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, a Schedule II controlled substance. 9.2 Abuse CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Abuse is characterized by impaired control over drug use despite harm, and craving. Signs and symptoms of CNS stimulant abuse include increased heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and/or sweating, dilated pupils, hyperactivity, restlessness, insomnia, decreased appetite, loss of coordination, tremors, flushed skin, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed. Abusers of CNS stimulants may chew, snort, inject, or use other unapproved routes of administration which may result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] . To reduce the abuse of CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing. After prescribing, keep careful prescription records, educate patients and their families about abuse and on proper storage and disposal of CNS stimulants [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling ( 16 )] , monitor for signs of abuse while on therapy, and reevaluate the need for dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride use. 9.3 Dependence Tolerance Tolerance (a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug results in a reduction of the drug’s desired and/or undesired effects over time) can occur during chronic therapy with CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Dependence Physical dependence (which is manifested by a withdrawal syndrome produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist) can occur in patients treated with CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Withdrawal symptoms after abrupt cessation following prolonged high-dosage administration of CNS stimulants include dysphoric mood; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation.

10 OVERDOSAGE Human Experience Signs and symptoms of acute methylphenidate overdosage, resulting principally from overstimulation of the CNS and from excessive sympathomimetic effects, may include the following: vomiting, agitation, tremors, hyperreflexia, muscle twitching, convulsions (may be followed by coma), euphoria, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, sweating, flushing, headache, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, mydriasis, and dryness of mucous membranes, and rhabdomyolysis. Overdose Management Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) for latest recommendations.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Antihypertensive Drugs: Monitor blood pressure. Adjust dosage of antihypertensive drug as needed ( 7.1 ). Halogenated Anesthetics: Avoid use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride on the day of surgery if halogenated anesthetics will be used ( 7.1 ). 7.1 Clinically Important Drug Interactions With Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Table 2 presents clinically important drug interactions with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Table 2: Clinically Important Drug Interactions With Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Clinical Impact Concomitant use of MAOIs and CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, can cause hypertensive crisis. Potential outcomes include death, stroke, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, ophthalmological complications, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, and renal failure [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Intervention Concomitant use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride with MAOIs or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment is contraindicated. Examples selegiline, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, linezolid, methylene blue Antihypertensive Drugs Clinical Impact Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may decrease the effectiveness of drugs used to treat hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Intervention Adjust the dosage of the antihypertensive drug as needed. Examples Potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta blockers, centrally acting alpha-2 receptor agonists Halogenated Anesthetics Clinical Impact Concomitant use of halogenated anesthetics and dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may increase the risk of sudden blood pressure and heart rate increase during surgery. Intervention Monitor blood pressure and avoid use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in patients being treated with anesthetics on the day of surgery. Examples halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane Risperidone Clinical Impact Combined use of methylphenidate with risperidone when there is a change, whether an increase or decrease, in dosage of either or both medications, may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) Intervention Monitor for signs of EPS

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a CNS stimulant. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Dexmethylphenidate is the more pharmacologically active d -enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. Cardiac Electrophysiology A formal QT study has not been conducted in patients taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride; however, a large QT effect is not expected. At the recommended maximum total daily dosage of 40 mg, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride XR (dexmethylphenidate) extended-release capsule does not prolong the QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is readily absorbed following oral administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. In patients with ADHD, plasma dexmethylphenidate concentrations increase rapidly, reaching a maximum in the fasted state at about 1 to 1.5 hours postdose. No differences in the pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were noted following single and repeated twice daily dosing, thus indicating no significant drug accumulation in children with ADHD. After single dose administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to pediatric patients, dexmethylphenidate exposure (C max and AUC 0-inf ) showed dose-proportional increase in the range of 2.5 mg to 10 mg. Comparable plasma dexmethylphenidate levels were achieved following single dl-threo- methylphenidate HCl doses given as capsules in twice the total mg amount (equimolar with respect to dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride). Approximately 90% of the dose is absorbed after oral administration of radiolabeled racemic methylphenidate. However, due to first pass metabolism the mean absolute bioavailability of dexmethylphenidate when administered in various formulations was 22% to 25%. Effect of Food High fat breakfast did not significantly affect C max or AUC 0-inf of dexmethylphenidate when two 10 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablets were administered, but delayed T max from 1.5 hours post dose to 2.9 hours post dose. Distribution The plasma protein binding of dexmethylphenidate is not known; racemic methylphenidate is bound to plasma proteins by 12% to 15%, independent of concentration. Dexmethylphenidate shows a volume of distribution of 2.65 ± 1.11 L/kg. Elimination Plasma dexmethylphenidate concentrations declined exponentially following oral administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Intravenous dexmethylphenidate was eliminated with a mean clearance of 0.40 ± 0.12 L/hr/kg. The mean terminal elimination half-life of dexmethylphenidate was approximately 2.2 hours. Metabolism In humans, dexmethylphenidate is metabolized primarily via de-esterification to d -α-phenyl-piperidine acetic acid (also known as d -ritalinic acid). This metabolite has little or no pharmacological activity. There is little or no in vivo interconversion to the l-threo -enantiomer. Excretion After oral dosing of radiolabeled racemic methylphenidate in humans, about 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine. The main urinary metabolite of racemic dl- methylphenidate was dl- ritalinic acid, accountable for approximately 80% of the dose. Urinary excretion of parent compound accounted for 0.5% of an intravenous dose. Studies in Special Populations Male and Female Patients Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for boys and girls (mean age 10 years). In a single dose study conducted in adults, the mean dexmethylphenidate AUC 0-inf values (adjusted for body weight) following single two 10 mg doses of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were 25% to 35% higher in adult female volunteers (n = 6) compared to male volunteers (n = 9). Both T max and t 1/2 were comparable for males and females. Racial or Ethnic Groups There is insufficient experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to detect ethnic variations in pharmacokinetics. Pediatric Patients The pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate after dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride administration have not been studied in children less than 6 years of age. When single doses of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were given to children between the ages of 6 to 12 years and healthy adult volunteers, C max of dexmethylphenidate was similar, however, pediatric patients showed somewhat lower AUCs compared to the adults. Patients with Renal Impairment There is no experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in patients with renal impairment. Since renal clearance is not an important route of methylphenidate clearance, renal impairment is expected to have little effect on the pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Patients with Hepatic Impairment There is no experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in patients with hepatic impairment. Drug Interaction Studies Methylphenidate is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes to a clinically relevant extent. Inducers or inhibitors of CYPs are not expected to have any relevant impact on methylphenidate pharmacokinetics. Conversely, the d- and l -enantiomers of methylphenidate did not relevantly inhibit CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A. Clinically, methylphenidate coadministration did not increase plasma concentrations of the CYP2D6 substrate desipramine.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a CNS stimulant. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics Dexmethylphenidate is the more pharmacologically active d -enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. Cardiac Electrophysiology A formal QT study has not been conducted in patients taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride; however, a large QT effect is not expected. At the recommended maximum total daily dosage of 40 mg, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride XR (dexmethylphenidate) extended-release capsule does not prolong the QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is readily absorbed following oral administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. In patients with ADHD, plasma dexmethylphenidate concentrations increase rapidly, reaching a maximum in the fasted state at about 1 to 1.5 hours postdose. No differences in the pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were noted following single and repeated twice daily dosing, thus indicating no significant drug accumulation in children with ADHD. After single dose administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to pediatric patients, dexmethylphenidate exposure (C max and AUC 0-inf ) showed dose-proportional increase in the range of 2.5 mg to 10 mg. Comparable plasma dexmethylphenidate levels were achieved following single dl-threo- methylphenidate HCl doses given as capsules in twice the total mg amount (equimolar with respect to dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride). Approximately 90% of the dose is absorbed after oral administration of radiolabeled racemic methylphenidate. However, due to first pass metabolism the mean absolute bioavailability of dexmethylphenidate when administered in various formulations was 22% to 25%. Effect of Food High fat breakfast did not significantly affect C max or AUC 0-inf of dexmethylphenidate when two 10 mg dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablets were administered, but delayed T max from 1.5 hours post dose to 2.9 hours post dose. Distribution The plasma protein binding of dexmethylphenidate is not known; racemic methylphenidate is bound to plasma proteins by 12% to 15%, independent of concentration. Dexmethylphenidate shows a volume of distribution of 2.65 ± 1.11 L/kg. Elimination Plasma dexmethylphenidate concentrations declined exponentially following oral administration of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Intravenous dexmethylphenidate was eliminated with a mean clearance of 0.40 ± 0.12 L/hr/kg. The mean terminal elimination half-life of dexmethylphenidate was approximately 2.2 hours. Metabolism In humans, dexmethylphenidate is metabolized primarily via de-esterification to d -α-phenyl-piperidine acetic acid (also known as d -ritalinic acid). This metabolite has little or no pharmacological activity. There is little or no in vivo interconversion to the l-threo -enantiomer. Excretion After oral dosing of radiolabeled racemic methylphenidate in humans, about 90% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine. The main urinary metabolite of racemic dl- methylphenidate was dl- ritalinic acid, accountable for approximately 80% of the dose. Urinary excretion of parent compound accounted for 0.5% of an intravenous dose. Studies in Special Populations Male and Female Patients Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for boys and girls (mean age 10 years). In a single dose study conducted in adults, the mean dexmethylphenidate AUC 0-inf values (adjusted for body weight) following single two 10 mg doses of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were 25% to 35% higher in adult female volunteers (n = 6) compared to male volunteers (n = 9). Both T max and t 1/2 were comparable for males and females. Racial or Ethnic Groups There is insufficient experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to detect ethnic variations in pharmacokinetics. Pediatric Patients The pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate after dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride administration have not been studied in children less than 6 years of age. When single doses of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride were given to children between the ages of 6 to 12 years and healthy adult volunteers, C max of dexmethylphenidate was similar, however, pediatric patients showed somewhat lower AUCs compared to the adults. Patients with Renal Impairment There is no experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in patients with renal impairment. Since renal clearance is not an important route of methylphenidate clearance, renal impairment is expected to have little effect on the pharmacokinetics of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Patients with Hepatic Impairment There is no experience with the use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in patients with hepatic impairment. Drug Interaction Studies Methylphenidate is not metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes to a clinically relevant extent. Inducers or inhibitors of CYPs are not expected to have any relevant impact on methylphenidate pharmacokinetics. Conversely, the d- and l -enantiomers of methylphenidate did not relevantly inhibit CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A. Clinically, methylphenidate coadministration did not increase plasma concentrations of the CYP2D6 substrate desipramine.

20230726

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets 2.5 mg: Blue, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1899” on the other side. 5 mg: Yellow, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1900” on the other side. 10 mg: White, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1901” on the other side. Tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg ( 3 ).

Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE STARCH, CORN SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO MAGNESIUM STEARATE FD&C BLUE NO. 1 Blue LCI;1899 D-shaped Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE STARCH, CORN SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO MAGNESIUM STEARATE D&C YELLOW NO. 10 LCI;1900 D-shaped Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE STARCH, CORN SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO MAGNESIUM STEARATE LCI;1901 D-shaped

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Lifetime carcinogenicity studies have not been carried out with dexmethylphenidate. In a lifetime carcinogenicity study carried out in B6C3F1 mice, racemic methylphenidate caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas, and in males only, an increase in hepatoblastomas was seen at a daily dose of approximately 60 mg/kg/day. This dose is approximately 2 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate given to children on a mg/m 2 basis. Hepatoblastoma is a relatively rare rodent malignant tumor type. There was no increase in total malignant hepatic tumors. The mouse strain used is sensitive to the development of hepatic tumors and the significance of these results to humans is unknown. Racemic methylphenidate did not cause any increase in tumors in a lifetime carcinogenicity study carried out in F344 rats; the highest dose used was approximately 45 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 4 times the MRHD (children) of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate on a mg/m 2 basis. In a 24-week carcinogenicity study with racemic methylphenidate in the transgenic mouse strain p53+/-, which is sensitive to genotoxic carcinogens, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity. Male and female mice were fed diets containing the same concentrations as in the lifetime carcinogenicity study; the high-dose group was exposed to 60-74 mg/kg/day of racemic methylphenidate. Mutagenesis Dexmethylphenidate was not mutagenic in the in vitro Ames reverse mutation assay, in the in vitro mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, or in the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In an in vitro assay using cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary cells treated with racemic methylphenidate, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations were increased, indicative of a weak clastogenic response. Impairment of Fertility No human data on the effect of methylphenidate on fertility are available. Fertility studies have not been conducted with dexmethylphenidate. Racemic methylphenidate did not impair fertility in male or female mice that were fed diets containing the drug in an 18-week continuous breeding study. The study was conducted at doses of up to 160 mg/kg/day, approximately 10 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate given adolescents on a mg/m 2 basis.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Lifetime carcinogenicity studies have not been carried out with dexmethylphenidate. In a lifetime carcinogenicity study carried out in B6C3F1 mice, racemic methylphenidate caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas, and in males only, an increase in hepatoblastomas was seen at a daily dose of approximately 60 mg/kg/day. This dose is approximately 2 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate given to children on a mg/m 2 basis. Hepatoblastoma is a relatively rare rodent malignant tumor type. There was no increase in total malignant hepatic tumors. The mouse strain used is sensitive to the development of hepatic tumors and the significance of these results to humans is unknown. Racemic methylphenidate did not cause any increase in tumors in a lifetime carcinogenicity study carried out in F344 rats; the highest dose used was approximately 45 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 4 times the MRHD (children) of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate on a mg/m 2 basis. In a 24-week carcinogenicity study with racemic methylphenidate in the transgenic mouse strain p53+/-, which is sensitive to genotoxic carcinogens, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity. Male and female mice were fed diets containing the same concentrations as in the lifetime carcinogenicity study; the high-dose group was exposed to 60-74 mg/kg/day of racemic methylphenidate. Mutagenesis Dexmethylphenidate was not mutagenic in the in vitro Ames reverse mutation assay, in the in vitro mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, or in the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In an in vitro assay using cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary cells treated with racemic methylphenidate, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations were increased, indicative of a weak clastogenic response. Impairment of Fertility No human data on the effect of methylphenidate on fertility are available. Fertility studies have not been conducted with dexmethylphenidate. Racemic methylphenidate did not impair fertility in male or female mice that were fed diets containing the drug in an 18-week continuous breeding study. The study was conducted at doses of up to 160 mg/kg/day, approximately 10 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day of racemic methylphenidate given adolescents on a mg/m 2 basis.

ANDA209468

Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride

dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride

0527-1901

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

ORAL

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Package Label – 2.5 mg NDC 0527 -1899 -01 Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets 2.5 mg Dispense with Medication Guide attached or provided separately. Rx only 100 TABLETS 2.5 mg

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Medication Guide ). Controlled Substance Status/High Potential for Abuse and Dependence Advise patients that dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a controlled substance, and it can be abused and lead to dependence. Instruct patients that they should not give dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to anyone else. Advise patients to store dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in a safe place, preferably locked, to prevent abuse. Advise patients to comply with laws and regulations on drug disposal. Advise patients to dispose of remaining, unused, or expired dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride by a medicine take-back program if available [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.1 , 9.2 , 9.3 ), How Supplied/Storage and Handling ( 16 )] . Serious Cardiovascular Risks Advise patients that there is a potential serious cardiovascular risk, including sudden death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride use. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they develop symptoms, such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms, suggestive of cardiac disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Increases Instruct patients that dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride can cause elevations of their blood pressure and pulse rate [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Psychiatric Risks Advise patients that dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, at recommended doses, can cause psychotic or manic symptoms, even in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Priapism Advise patients of the possibility of painful or prolonged penile erections (priapism). Instruct them to seek immediate medical attention in the event of priapism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . Circulation Problems in Fingers and Toes [Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s Phenomenon] Instruct patients beginning treatment with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Suppression of Growth Advise patients that dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may cause slowing of growth and weight loss [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Pregnancy Registry Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to ADHD medications, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Distributed by: Lannett Company, Inc. Philadelphia, PA 19136 CIB71163B Rev. 07/2023

This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration MEDICATION GUIDE Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride (dex” meth il fen’ i date hye” droe klor’ ide) Tablets CII What is the most important information I should know about dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride? Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a federal controlled substance (CII) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may harm others, and is against the law. Tell your doctor if you or your child have abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs. The following have been reported with use of methylphenidate hydrochloride and other stimulant medicines: 1. Heart-related problems: • sudden death in patients who have heart problems or heart defects • stroke and heart attack in adults • increased blood pressure and heart rate Tell your doctor if you or your child have any heart problems, heart defects, high blood pressure, or a family history of these problems. Your doctor should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Your doctor should check you or your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Call your doctor right away if you or your child has any signs of heart problems, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. 2. Mental (psychiatric) problems: All Patients • new or worse behavior and thought problems • new or worse bipolar illness • new or worse aggressive behavior or hostility • new psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, believing things that are not true, are suspicious) or new manic symptoms Tell your doctor about any mental problems you or your child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression. Call your doctor right away if you or your child have any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, especially seeing or hearing things that are not real, believing things that are not real, or are suspicious. What is dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride? • Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride is a central nervous system stimulant (CNS) prescription medicine. It is used for the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD. • Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride should be used as a part of a total treatment program for ADHD that may include counseling or other therapies. Who should not take dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride: Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride should not be taken if you or your child: • are allergic to methylphenidate hydrochloride, or any of the ingredients in dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. • are taking or have taken within the past 14 days an anti-depression medicine called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may not be right for you or your child. Before starting dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, tell your or your child’s doctor about all health conditions (or a family history of), including: • heart problems, heart defects, high blood pressure • mental problems, including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depression • circulation problems in fingers or toes • if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride will harm your unborn baby. There is a pregnancy registry for females who are exposed to ADHD medications, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride during pregnancy. The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and their baby. If you or your child becomes pregnant during treatment with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry of ADHD medications at 1-866-961-2388 or visit online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/adhd-medications/. • if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride passes into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed the baby during treatment with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Tell your doctor about all of the medicines that you or your child takes, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be adjusted while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Your doctor will decide whether dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride can be taken with other medicines. Especially tell your doctor if you or your child takes: • anti-depression medicines, including MAOIs • blood pressure medicines (anti-hypertensive) Know the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep a list of your medicines with you to show your doctor and pharmacist. • You should not take dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride on the day of your operation if a certain type of anesthetic is used. This is because there is a chance of a sudden rise in blood pressure and heart rate during the operation. Do not start any new medicine while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride without talking to your doctor first. How should dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride be taken? • Take dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride exactly as prescribed. Your doctor may adjust the dose until it is right for you or your child. • Take dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride twice daily, at least 4 hours apart. • Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may be taken with or without food. • From time-to-time, your doctor may stop dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride treatment for a while to check ADHD symptoms. • Your doctor may do regular checks of the blood, heart, and blood pressure while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. • Children should have their height and weight checked often while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride treatment may be stopped if a problem is found during these check-ups. • In case of poisoning, call your poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room. What are the possible side effects of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride? Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride may cause serious side effects, including: • see “What is the most important information I should know about dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride?” for information on reported heart and mental problems. • painful and prolonged erections (priapism) have occurred with methylphenidate. If you or your child develops priapism, seek medical help right away. Because of the potential for lasting damage, priapism should be evaluated by a doctor immediately. • circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon): o fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful o fingers or toes may change color from pale, to blue, to red Tell your doctor if you or your child have, numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in the fingers or toes. • Call your doctor right away if you have or your child has any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. • Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children Common side effects include: • abdominal pain • fever • anorexia • nausea Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride? • Store dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in a safe place and in a tightly closed container at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). • Protect from light. • Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride by a medicine take-back program at authorized collection sites, such as retail pharmacies, hospital or clinic pharmacies, and law enforcement locations. If no take-back program or authorized collector is available, mix dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride with an undesirable, nontoxic substance, such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container, such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away (discard) dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in the household trash. • Keep dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride that is written for healthcare professionals. Do not use dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them and it is against the law. What are the ingredients in dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride? Active ingredient: dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride Inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, and FD&C Blue No.1 aluminum lake (2.5 mg tablets), D&C Yellow Lake #10 (5 mg tablets); the 10 mg tablet contains no dye. Distributed by: Lannett Company, Inc. Philadelphia, PA 19136 For more information, call 1-844-834-0530. CIB71180B Rev. 07/2023

14 CLINICAL STUDIES The efficacy of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride for the treatment of ADHD was established in two double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials in untreated or previously treated patients (ages 6 to 17 years old) who met The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive subtypes. The sample was predominantly younger (ages 6 to 12 years); thus, the findings are most pertinent to this age group. In Study 1, patients were randomized to receive either dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride (5, 10, or 20 mg/day total dose), racemic methylphenidate HCl (10, 20, or 40 mg/day total dose), or placebo in a multicenter, 4-week, parallel group study in 132 pediatric patients. Patients received study medication twice daily separated by a 3.5 to 5.5 hours interval. Treatment was initiated with the lowest dose, and doses could be doubled at weekly intervals, depending on clinical response and tolerability, up to the maximum dose. The primary outcome was change from baseline to week 4 of the average score (an average of 2 ratings during the week) of the teacher’s version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP)-ADHD Rating Scale. This 18 item scale measures ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, rated on a scale of 0 (Not at All) to 3 (Very Much). Patients treated with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride showed a statistically significant improvement in symptom scores from baseline over patients who received placebo (Table 3). Table 3: Summary of Efficacy Results from ADHD Acute-Phase Study in Pediatric Patients (6 – 17 years) (Study 1) Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; SD, standard deviation; SNAP; swanson, Nolan and Pelham; n, number of patients available at the assessment time point. a Average of two ratings. b Statistically significantly different from placebo. Study Number Treatment Group Primary Efficacy Measure: Teacher SNAP-ADHD Total Score a Mean Baseline Score (SD) Mean Change from Baseline Week 4 Score (SD) Study 1 Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride 5-20 mg/day b (n = 44) 1.4 (0.7) (n = 42) - 0.7 (0.7) (n = 42) Placebo (n = 42) 1.6 (0.7) (n = 41) - 0.2 (0.7) (n = 39) Study 2 was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2-week treatment withdrawal study in 75 children (ages 6 to 12 years) who were responders during a 6-week, open-label initial treatment period. Children took study medication twice a day separated by a 3.5 to 5.5 hour interval. The primary outcome was proportion of treatment failures at the end of the 2-week withdrawal phase, where treatment failure was defined as a rating of 6 (much worse) or 7 (very much worse) on the Investigator Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I). Patients continued on dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride showed a statistically significant lower rate of failure over patients who received placebo (Table 4). Table 4: Summary of Efficacy Results from ADHD Randomized Withdrawal Study in Pediatric Patients (6 – 17 years) (Study 2) Abbreviation: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. a One patient did not have the value at Visit 10 and hence not included in this analysis. b Statistically significantly different from placebo. Study Number Treatment Group Primary Efficacy Measure: Proportion of Treatment Failure a Number of Treatment Failures / Number of Randomized Patients Percentage Study 2 Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride 5-20 mg/day b 6/35 17.1% Placebo 25/40 62.5%

8.5 Geriatric Use Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride has not been studied in the geriatric population.

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Limited published literature, based on milk sampling from seven mothers reports that methylphenidate is present in human milk, which resulted in infant doses of 0.16% to 0.7% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 1.1 and 2.7. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant and no effects on milk production. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from stimulant exposure are unknown. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Monitor breastfeeding infants for adverse reactions, such as agitation, insomnia, anorexia, and reduced weight gain.

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride have been established in pediatric patients ages 6 to 17 years in two adequate and well-controlled clinical trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . The safety and effectiveness of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in pediatric patients less than 6 years have not been established. The long-term efficacy of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in pediatric patients has not been established. Long Term Suppression of Growth Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data Rats treated with racemic methylphenidate early in the postnatal period through sexual maturation demonstrated a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity in adulthood. A deficit in acquisition of a specific learning task was observed in females only. The doses at which these findings were observed are at least 6 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day given to children on a mg/m 2 basis. In a study conducted in young rats, racemic methylphenidate was administered orally at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks, starting early in the postnatal period (postnatal Day 7) and continuing through sexual maturity (postnatal week 10). When these animals were tested as adults (postnatal Weeks 13 to 14), decreased spontaneous locomotor activity was observed in males and females previously treated with 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the MRHD of 60 mg of racemic methylphenidate given to children on a mg/m 2 basis) or greater, and a deficit in the acquisition of a specific learning task was seen in females exposed to the highest dose (8 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m 2 basis). The no effect level for juvenile neurobehavioral development in rats was 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m 2 basis). The clinical significance of the long-term behavioral effects observed in rats is unknown.

8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ADHD medications, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for ADHD medications at 1-866-961-2388 or visit https://womensmentalhealth.org/adhd­-medications/. Risk Summary Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Published studies and postmarketing reports on methylphenidate use during pregnancy have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There may be risks to the fetus associated with the use of CNS stimulants use during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ) . Embryo-fetal development studies in rats showed delayed fetal skeletal ossification at doses up to 5 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adults based on plasma levels. A decrease in pup weight in males was observed in a pre- and post-natal development study with oral administration of methylphenidate to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation at doses 5 times the MRHD of 20 mg/day given to adults based on plasma levels. Plasma levels in adults were comparatively similar to plasma levels in adolescents (see Data ) . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions CNS stimulants, such as dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, can cause vasoconstriction and thereby decrease placental perfusion. No fetal and/or neonatal adverse reactions have been reported with the use of therapeutic doses of methylphenidate during pregnancy; however, premature delivery and low birth weight infants have been reported in amphetamine-dependent mothers. Data Animal Data In embryo-fetal development studies conducted in rats and rabbits, dexmethylphenidate was administered orally at doses of up to 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, during the period of organogenesis. No evidence of malformations was found in either the rat or rabbit study; however, delayed fetal skeletal ossification was observed at the highest dose level in rats. When dexmethylphenidate was administered to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation at doses of up to 20 mg/kg/day, post-weaning body weight gain was decreased in male offspring at the highest dose, but no other effects on postnatal development were observed. At the highest doses tested, plasma levels [area under the curves (AUCs)] of dexmethylphenidate in pregnant rats and rabbits were approximately 5 and 1 times, respectively, those in adults dosed with the MRHD of 20 mg/day. Racemic methylphenidate has been shown to cause malformations (increased incidence of fetal spina bifida) in rabbits when given in doses of 200 mg/kg/day throughout organogenesis.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ADHD medications, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for ADHD medications at 1-866-961-2388 or visit https://womensmentalhealth.org/adhd­-medications/. Risk Summary Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Published studies and postmarketing reports on methylphenidate use during pregnancy have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There may be risks to the fetus associated with the use of CNS stimulants use during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ) . Embryo-fetal development studies in rats showed delayed fetal skeletal ossification at doses up to 5 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 20 mg/day given to adults based on plasma levels. A decrease in pup weight in males was observed in a pre- and post-natal development study with oral administration of methylphenidate to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation at doses 5 times the MRHD of 20 mg/day given to adults based on plasma levels. Plasma levels in adults were comparatively similar to plasma levels in adolescents (see Data ) . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions CNS stimulants, such as dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, can cause vasoconstriction and thereby decrease placental perfusion. No fetal and/or neonatal adverse reactions have been reported with the use of therapeutic doses of methylphenidate during pregnancy; however, premature delivery and low birth weight infants have been reported in amphetamine-dependent mothers. Data Animal Data In embryo-fetal development studies conducted in rats and rabbits, dexmethylphenidate was administered orally at doses of up to 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, during the period of organogenesis. No evidence of malformations was found in either the rat or rabbit study; however, delayed fetal skeletal ossification was observed at the highest dose level in rats. When dexmethylphenidate was administered to rats throughout pregnancy and lactation at doses of up to 20 mg/kg/day, post-weaning body weight gain was decreased in male offspring at the highest dose, but no other effects on postnatal development were observed. At the highest doses tested, plasma levels [area under the curves (AUCs)] of dexmethylphenidate in pregnant rats and rabbits were approximately 5 and 1 times, respectively, those in adults dosed with the MRHD of 20 mg/day. Racemic methylphenidate has been shown to cause malformations (increased incidence of fetal spina bifida) in rabbits when given in doses of 200 mg/kg/day throughout organogenesis. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate. Limited published literature, based on milk sampling from seven mothers reports that methylphenidate is present in human milk, which resulted in infant doses of 0.16% to 0.7% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 1.1 and 2.7. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant and no effects on milk production. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from stimulant exposure are unknown. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Monitor breastfeeding infants for adverse reactions, such as agitation, insomnia, anorexia, and reduced weight gain. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride have been established in pediatric patients ages 6 to 17 years in two adequate and well-controlled clinical trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . The safety and effectiveness of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in pediatric patients less than 6 years have not been established. The long-term efficacy of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in pediatric patients has not been established. Long Term Suppression of Growth Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data Rats treated with racemic methylphenidate early in the postnatal period through sexual maturation demonstrated a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity in adulthood. A deficit in acquisition of a specific learning task was observed in females only. The doses at which these findings were observed are at least 6 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day given to children on a mg/m 2 basis. In a study conducted in young rats, racemic methylphenidate was administered orally at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks, starting early in the postnatal period (postnatal Day 7) and continuing through sexual maturity (postnatal week 10). When these animals were tested as adults (postnatal Weeks 13 to 14), decreased spontaneous locomotor activity was observed in males and females previously treated with 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the MRHD of 60 mg of racemic methylphenidate given to children on a mg/m 2 basis) or greater, and a deficit in the acquisition of a specific learning task was seen in females exposed to the highest dose (8 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m 2 basis). The no effect level for juvenile neurobehavioral development in rats was 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m 2 basis). The clinical significance of the long-term behavioral effects observed in rats is unknown. 8.5 Geriatric Use Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride has not been studied in the geriatric population.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Tablets 2.5 mg Tablets: Blue, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1899” on the other side. Bottles of 100 ...............................................……………………………..…. NDC 0527-1899-01 5 mg Tablets : Yellow, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1900” on the other side. Bottles of 100 ................................................................................................... NDC 0527-1900-01 10 mg Tablets: White, round tablet, debossed with “LCI” on one side and “1901” on the other side. Bottles of 100 ................................................................................................... NDC 0527-1901-01 Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container (USP). Disposal Comply with local laws and regulations on drug disposal of CNS stimulants. Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride by a medicine takeback program or by an authorized collector registered with the Drug Enforcement Administration. If no take-back program or authorized collector is available, mix dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride with an undesirable, nontoxic substance to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container, such as a sealed plastic bag and discard dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in the household trash.

WARNING: ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3 )] . WARNING: ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. CNS stimulants, including dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines, have a high potential for abuse and dependence ( 5.1 , 9.2 , 9.3 ). Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy ( 5.1 , 9.2 ).