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- Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3.2 mg/mL Hospira, Inc.
Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose
Summary of product characteristics
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Tissue Ischemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Cardiac Arrhythmias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of dopamine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiac Disorders : anginal pain, palpitation Gastrointestinal Disorders : nausea, vomiting Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders : azotemia Nervous System Disorders : headache, anxiety Respiratory Disorders : dyspnea Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : piloerection Vascular Disorders : hypertension The most common adverse reaction is localized vasoconstriction due to extravasation. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pfizer, Inc. at 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Dopamine is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma. Patients with pheochromocytoma. ( 4 )
Description
11 DESCRIPTION Dopamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, premixed solution of dopamine hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection for intravenous infusion. Each 100 mL contains 80 mg (800 mcg/mL), 160 mg (1600 mcg/mL) or 320 mg (3200 mcg/mL) of dopamine HCl; 5 grams of hydrous dextrose, in Water for Injection, and 50 mg of sodium metabisulfite (a stabilizer); pH = 3.8 (2.5 to 4.5), and the following osmolar concentrations: 261, 269, or 286 mOsmol/liter, respectively. May contain hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. Dopamine HCl is chemically designated 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (C 8 H 11 NO 2 ∙ HCl), a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water. Dopamine HCl has a molecular weight of 189.64 and it has the following structural formula: Dopamine (also referred to as 3-hydroxytyramine) is a naturally occurring endogenous catecholamine. Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C 6 H 12 O 6 ∙ H 2 O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. The molecular weight of dextrose (D-glucose) monohydrate is 198.17 and it has the following structural formula: Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H 2 O. Chemical Structure Chemical Structure
Dosage And Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Correct hypovolemia, acidosis, and hypoxia prior to use. ( 2.1 ) Administer in a large vein with an infusion pump preferably in an intensive care setting. ( 2.1 ) Recommended starting dosage in adults and pediatric patients is 2 to 5 mcg/kg/minute as a continuous intravenous infusion. Titrate in 5 to 10 mcg/kg/minute increments based on hemodynamic response and tolerability, up to not more than 50 mcg/kg/minute. ( 2.2 ) See the Full Prescribing Information for important preparation instructions and drug incompatibilities. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Administration Instructions Correct Hypovolemia, Acidosis, and Hypoxia Address hypovolemia, acidosis, and hypoxia before initiating Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection. If patient does not respond to therapy, suspect occult hypovolemia. Acidosis may reduce the effectiveness of dopamine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Administration Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection is a premixed infusion solution that does not require dilution prior to intravenous administration. Administer Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection into a large vein [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] with the use of an infusion pump preferably in an intensive care setting. Remove outer wrap (moisture and oxygen barrier) only when ready to administer the product. Discard product if outer wrap is damaged (e.g., tears or holes). Inspect Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration (the solution is clear to slightly yellow). Do not administer if the solution is darker than slightly yellow or the container is damaged. Use higher concentration premixed solutions (e.g., 3200 mcg/mL or 1600 mcg/mL strengths) in patients requiring fluid restriction. Discontinuation When discontinuing Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection, gradually reduce the infusion rate while expanding blood volume with intravenous fluids [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. 2.2 Recommended Dosage The recommended starting dosage in adults and pediatric patients is 2 to 5 mcg/kg/minute as a continuous intravenous infusion [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . Titrate the infusion rate in 5 to 10 mcg/kg/minute increments based on hemodynamic response and tolerability, up to but not more than 50 mcg/kg/minute. Infusion rates may be calculated using the following formula: Infusion Rate (mL/hour) = [Dose (mcg/kg/minute) × Weight (kg) × 60 (minutes/hour)] Concentration (mcg/mL) Example calculations for infusion rates are as follows: Example 1: for a 60 kg person at the recommended initial dose of 2 mcg/kg/minute using an 800 mcg/mL concentration, the infusion rate would be as follows: Infusion Rate (mL/hour) = [2 (mcg/kg/minute) × 60 (kg) × 60 (minutes/hour) ] = 9 (mL/hour) 800 (mcg/mL) Example 2: for a 70 kg person at a dose of 5 mcg/kg/minute using a 3,200 mcg/mL concentration, the infusion rate would be as follows: Infusion Rate (mL/hour) = [5 (mcg/kg/minute) × 70 (kg) × 60 (minutes/hour) ] = 6.56 (mL/hour) 3200 (mcg/mL) 2.3 Drug Incompatibilities Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection is incompatible with the following products; therefore, avoid simultaneous administration (through the same infusion set): Sodium bicarbonate or other alkalinizing substances, because dopamine is inactivated in alkaline solution. Blood, because of the risk of pseudoagglutination of red cells Iron salts Do not add additional medications in the premixed infusion solution.
Indications And Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection is indicated to improve hemodynamic status in patients in distributive shock, or shock due to reduced cardiac output. Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection is a catecholamine indicated to improve hemodynamic status in patients in shock. ( 1 )
Overdosage
10 OVERDOSAGE Manifestations of overdosage include excessive blood pressure elevation. In the case of accidental overdosage, reduce rate of Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection infusion, or temporarily discontinue the Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection infusion until the overdosage related adverse reactions resolves. Since dopamine's duration of action is short, no additional remedial measures are usually necessary. If these measures fail to resolve the overdosage related adverse reactions, consider using an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (e.g., phentolamine).
Drug Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS See Table 1 for clinically significant drug interactions with dopamine. Table 1: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Dopamine Halogenated Anesthetics Clinical Impact: Concomitant use may increase cardiac autonomic irritability and can sensitize the myocardium to the action of dopamine which may lead to ventricular arrhythmias and hypertension. Intervention: Monitor cardiac rhythm. Examples: desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. MAO Inhibitors Clinical Impact: Because dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO), inhibition of this enzyme prolongs and potentiates the effect of dopamine which may result in severe hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. Intervention: Reduce the recommended starting dosage to no greater than one-tenth (1/10) of the recommended dose in patients who have been treated with MAO inhibitors within two to three weeks prior to the administration of Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection. Examples: isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, rasagiline, selegiline, linezolid. Tricyclic Antidepressants Clinical Impact: Concomitant use may potentiate the cardiovascular effects of dopamine (e.g., hypertension). Intervention: Monitor blood pressure. Examples: amitriptyline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline. Vasopressors Clinical Impact: Concomitant use may result in severe hypertension. Intervention: Monitor blood pressure. Examples: norepinephrine, epinephrine, oxytocin. Halogenated anesthetics : Can sensitize the myocardium to the effects of dopamine and can produce ventricular arrhythmias and hypertension. ( 7 ) MAO inhibitors : Risk of severe hypertension. Reduce recommended Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection dosage. ( 7 ) Tricyclic antidepressants : Risk of hypertension. Monitor blood pressure. ( 7 ) Vasopressors : Risk of severe hypertension. Monitor blood pressure. ( 7 )
Drug Interactions Table
Halogenated Anesthetics | |
Clinical Impact: | Concomitant use may increase cardiac autonomic irritability and can sensitize the myocardium to the action of dopamine which may lead to ventricular arrhythmias and hypertension. |
Intervention: | Monitor cardiac rhythm. |
Examples: | desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. |
MAO Inhibitors | |
Clinical Impact: | Because dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO), inhibition of this enzyme prolongs and potentiates the effect of dopamine which may result in severe hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. |
Intervention: | Reduce the recommended starting dosage to no greater than one-tenth (1/10) of the recommended dose in patients who have been treated with MAO inhibitors within two to three weeks prior to the administration of Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection. |
Examples: | isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, rasagiline, selegiline, linezolid. |
Tricyclic Antidepressants | |
Clinical Impact: | Concomitant use may potentiate the cardiovascular effects of dopamine (e.g., hypertension). |
Intervention: | Monitor blood pressure. |
Examples: | amitriptyline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline. |
Vasopressors | |
Clinical Impact: | Concomitant use may result in severe hypertension. |
Intervention: | Monitor blood pressure. |
Examples: | norepinephrine, epinephrine, oxytocin. |
Clinical Pharmacology
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Dopamine is a natural catecholamine formed by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). It is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal tract, and in a few peripheral sympathetic nerves. Dopamine elicits its pharmacological action by activating dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, beta-1 receptors and alpha-1 receptors. The activation of different receptors leading to its effects are dependent on dopamine dose. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Dopamine's onset of action occurs within five minutes of intravenous administration and the duration of action is less than about ten minutes. Dopamine effects are dosage-dependent. At <5 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the renal, mesenteric, and coronary vasculature causing vasodilation. At 5 to 10 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates beta-1 receptors enhancing heart rate and contractility. At >10 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Distribution Following intravenous administration, dopamine is widely distributed in the body but does not cross the blood-brain barrier to a significant extent. Elimination The half-life of dopamine in adults is less than 2 minutes. Metabolism About 75% of dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the liver, kidney, and plasma to the inactive compounds homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and about 25% is metabolized to norepinephrine in the adrenergic nerve terminals. Excretion About 80% of dopamine is renally excreted as inactive metabolites within 24 hours. Dopamine is stored in vesicles or diffused back into the plasma. Specific Populations Pediatric Patients The reported clearance rate of dopamine in critically ill infants and pediatric patients ranged from 46 to 168 mL/kg/minute, with the higher values seen in the younger patients. The reported apparent volume of distribution in neonates was 0.6 to 4 L/kg, leading to an elimination half-life of 5 to 11 minutes.
Mechanism Of Action
12.1 Mechanism of Action Dopamine is a natural catecholamine formed by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). It is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal tract, and in a few peripheral sympathetic nerves. Dopamine elicits its pharmacological action by activating dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, beta-1 receptors and alpha-1 receptors. The activation of different receptors leading to its effects are dependent on dopamine dose.
Pharmacodynamics
12.2 Pharmacodynamics Dopamine's onset of action occurs within five minutes of intravenous administration and the duration of action is less than about ten minutes. Dopamine effects are dosage-dependent. At <5 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the renal, mesenteric, and coronary vasculature causing vasodilation. At 5 to 10 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates beta-1 receptors enhancing heart rate and contractility. At >10 mcg/kg/minute, dopamine HCl activates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
Pharmacokinetics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics Distribution Following intravenous administration, dopamine is widely distributed in the body but does not cross the blood-brain barrier to a significant extent. Elimination The half-life of dopamine in adults is less than 2 minutes. Metabolism About 75% of dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the liver, kidney, and plasma to the inactive compounds homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and about 25% is metabolized to norepinephrine in the adrenergic nerve terminals. Excretion About 80% of dopamine is renally excreted as inactive metabolites within 24 hours. Dopamine is stored in vesicles or diffused back into the plasma. Specific Populations Pediatric Patients The reported clearance rate of dopamine in critically ill infants and pediatric patients ranged from 46 to 168 mL/kg/minute, with the higher values seen in the younger patients. The reported apparent volume of distribution in neonates was 0.6 to 4 L/kg, leading to an elimination half-life of 5 to 11 minutes.
Effective Time
20210920
Version
21
Dosage And Administration Table
Infusion Rate (mL/hour) = | [Dose (mcg/kg/minute) × Weight (kg) × 60 (minutes/hour)] Concentration (mcg/mL) |
Dosage Forms And Strengths
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS The following strengths of Dopamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, are supplied in LifeCare flexible single-dose plastic containers (the solutions are clear to slightly yellow in appearance): 800 mcg/mL (250 or 500 mL) 1600 mcg/mL (250 or 500 mL) 3200 mcg/mL (250 mL) Each 100 mL contains 5 grams of hydrous dextrose in Water for Injection. Following strengths of Dopamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, are supplied in LifeCare flexible single-dose plastic containers (each 100 mL contains 5 grams of hydrous dextrose in Water for Injection): ( 3 ) 800 mcg/mL (250 and 500 mL) 1600 mcg/mL (250 and 500 mL) 3200 mcg/mL (250 mL)
Spl Product Data Elements
Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE DOPAMINE WATER HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE SODIUM METABISULFITE Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE DOPAMINE DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE WATER SODIUM METABISULFITE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Carcinogenesis And Mutagenesis And Impairment Of Fertility
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Long term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dopamine. Mutagenesis Dopamine HCl at doses approaching maximal solubility showed no clear genotoxic potential in the Ames test. Although there was a reproducible dose-dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies with strains TA100 and TA98, both with and without metabolic activation, the small increase was considered inconclusive evidence of mutagenicity. In the L5178Y TK +/- mouse lymphoma assay, dopamine HCl at the highest concentrations used of 750 mcg/mL without metabolic activation, and 3000 mcg/mL with activation, was toxic and associated with increases in mutant frequencies when compared to untreated and solvent controls; at the lower concentrations no increases over controls were noted. No clear evidence of clastogenic potential was reported in the in vivo mouse or male rat bone marrow micronucleus test when the animals were treated intravenously with up to 224 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of dopamine HCl, respectively.
Nonclinical Toxicology
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis Long term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dopamine. Mutagenesis Dopamine HCl at doses approaching maximal solubility showed no clear genotoxic potential in the Ames test. Although there was a reproducible dose-dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies with strains TA100 and TA98, both with and without metabolic activation, the small increase was considered inconclusive evidence of mutagenicity. In the L5178Y TK +/- mouse lymphoma assay, dopamine HCl at the highest concentrations used of 750 mcg/mL without metabolic activation, and 3000 mcg/mL with activation, was toxic and associated with increases in mutant frequencies when compared to untreated and solvent controls; at the lower concentrations no increases over controls were noted. No clear evidence of clastogenic potential was reported in the in vivo mouse or male rat bone marrow micronucleus test when the animals were treated intravenously with up to 224 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of dopamine HCl, respectively.
Application Number
NDA018826
Brand Name
Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose
Generic Name
Dopamine Hydrochloride in Dextrose
Product Ndc
0409-7810
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route
INTRAVENOUS
Package Label Principal Display Panel
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 250 mL Bag Label - WR-1540 TO OPEN — TEAR AT NOTCH Each 100 mL contains dopamine hydrochloride 160 mg; dextrose, hydrous 5 g in water for injection; sodium metabisulfite added 50 mg. May contain hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. 269 mOsmol/liter (calc.) ph 3.8 (2.5 to 4.5). Single-dose container. Discard unused portion. For intravenous use. Usual dosage: see insert. WARNING: CONTAINS SULFITES. Drug additives should not be made to this solution. The overwrap is a moisture and oxygen barrier. Do not remove unit from overwrap until ready for use. Visually inspect overwrap for tears or holes. Discard unit if overwrap is damaged or if solution is darker than slightly yellow or discolored in any other way. Use unit promptly when overwrap is opened. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. See insert. After removing the overwrap, check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. Rx only 250 mL NDC 0409-7809-11 DOPAMINE HCl in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP 400 mg/250 mL (1,600 mcg/mL) Single-dose container F WR-1540 Distributed by Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA Hospira PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 250 mL Bag Label - WR-1540
Spl Unclassified Section
Distributed by Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA LAB 1153 3.0 Logo
Information For Patients
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Risk of Tissue Damage Advise the patient, family, or caregiver to report signs of extravasation urgently [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Cardiac Arrhythmias Advise the patient, family, or caregiver that Dopamine HCl in Dextrose Injection can induce or worsen arrhythmias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
Geriatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of dopamine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Pediatric Use
8.4 Pediatric Use Dopamine HCl infusions have been used in pediatric patients from birth through adolescence. Most reports in pediatric patients describe dosing that is similar (on a mcg/kg/minute basis) to that used in adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . Except for vasoconstrictive effects caused by inadvertent infusion of dopamine into the umbilical artery, adverse reactions unique to pediatric patients have not been identified, nor have adverse reactions identified in adults been found to be more common in pediatric patients.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no human data with dopamine use in pregnant women. There are risks to the mother and fetus from hypotension associated with shock, which can be fatal if left untreated ( see Clinical Considerations ). In animal reproduction studies, adverse developmental outcomes were observed with intravenous dopamine HCl administration in pregnant rats during organogenesis at dosages, on a mcg/m 2 basis, of one-third the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute (90 mcg/m 2 /minute). The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies carry some risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Hypotension associated with distributive shock, or shock due to reduced cardiac output are medical emergencies in pregnancy which can be fatal if left untreated. Delaying treatment in pregnant women with hypotension associated with distributive shock, or shock due to reduced cardiac output may increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Life-sustaining therapy for the pregnant woman should not be withheld due to potential concerns regarding the effects of dopamine on the fetus. Labor or Delivery Vasopressor drugs, including dopamine, may cause severe maternal hypertension when used concomitantly with some oxytocic drugs [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . Data Animal Data Animal reproduction studies in rats and rabbits at dopamine HCl dosages up to 6 mg/kg/day intravenously (on a mcg/m 2 basis, one-third and two-thirds, respectively, the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute) during organogenesis produced no detectable teratogenic or embryotoxic effects, although maternal toxicity consisting of mortalities, decreased body weight gain, and pharmacotoxic signs were observed in rats. In a published study, administration of 10 mg/kg/day dopamine HCl (on a mcg/m 2 basis, two-thirds the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute) to pregnant rats throughout gestation or for 5 days starting on gestation day 10 or 15 resulted in decreased body weight gain, increased mortality, and slight increase in cataract formation among the offspring.
Use In Specific Populations
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no human data with dopamine use in pregnant women. There are risks to the mother and fetus from hypotension associated with shock, which can be fatal if left untreated ( see Clinical Considerations ). In animal reproduction studies, adverse developmental outcomes were observed with intravenous dopamine HCl administration in pregnant rats during organogenesis at dosages, on a mcg/m 2 basis, of one-third the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute (90 mcg/m 2 /minute). The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies carry some risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Hypotension associated with distributive shock, or shock due to reduced cardiac output are medical emergencies in pregnancy which can be fatal if left untreated. Delaying treatment in pregnant women with hypotension associated with distributive shock, or shock due to reduced cardiac output may increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Life-sustaining therapy for the pregnant woman should not be withheld due to potential concerns regarding the effects of dopamine on the fetus. Labor or Delivery Vasopressor drugs, including dopamine, may cause severe maternal hypertension when used concomitantly with some oxytocic drugs [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . Data Animal Data Animal reproduction studies in rats and rabbits at dopamine HCl dosages up to 6 mg/kg/day intravenously (on a mcg/m 2 basis, one-third and two-thirds, respectively, the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute) during organogenesis produced no detectable teratogenic or embryotoxic effects, although maternal toxicity consisting of mortalities, decreased body weight gain, and pharmacotoxic signs were observed in rats. In a published study, administration of 10 mg/kg/day dopamine HCl (on a mcg/m 2 basis, two-thirds the human starting dosage of 2 mcg/kg/minute) to pregnant rats throughout gestation or for 5 days starting on gestation day 10 or 15 resulted in decreased body weight gain, increased mortality, and slight increase in cataract formation among the offspring. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data regarding the presence of dopamine in human milk, the effects of dopamine on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. 8.4 Pediatric Use Dopamine HCl infusions have been used in pediatric patients from birth through adolescence. Most reports in pediatric patients describe dosing that is similar (on a mcg/kg/minute basis) to that used in adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . Except for vasoconstrictive effects caused by inadvertent infusion of dopamine into the umbilical artery, adverse reactions unique to pediatric patients have not been identified, nor have adverse reactions identified in adults been found to be more common in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of dopamine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
How Supplied
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Dopamine Hydrochloride in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, is supplied in 250 and 500 mL LifeCare flexible single-dose plastic containers (the solutions are clear to slightly yellow in appearance) as follows. Each 100 mL contains 5 grams of hydrous dextrose in Water for Injection. Unit of Sale Total Strength/Total Volume (Concentration) NDC 0409-7809-22 12 in a case 400 mg/250 mL (1600 mcg/mL) NDC 0409-7809-24 12 in a case 800 mg/500 mL (1600 mcg/mL) NDC 0409-7810-22 12 in a case 800 mg/250 mL (3200 mcg/mL) Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. Discard unused portion.
How Supplied Table
Unit of Sale | Total Strength/Total Volume (Concentration) |
---|---|
NDC 0409-7809-22 12 in a case | 400 mg/250 mL (1600 mcg/mL) |
NDC 0409-7809-24 12 in a case | 800 mg/500 mL (1600 mcg/mL) |
NDC 0409-7810-22 12 in a case | 800 mg/250 mL (3200 mcg/mL) |
Storage And Handling
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. Discard unused portion.
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