Summary of product characteristics
Adverse Reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions, Including Stroke, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] QT Prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Tardive Dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Metabolic Changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Falls [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Leukopenia, Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Hyperprolactinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Body Temperature Regulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and 2-fold greater than placebo) were ( 6.1 ): Schizophrenia: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, tachycardia, and weight increased. Bipolar mania: tachycardia, dizziness, dry mouth, hepatic enzymes increased, nasal congestion, weight increased, hypotension, and somnolence. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-844-GO-VANDA (1-844-468-2632) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Studies Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trial of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The information below is derived from a clinical trial database for FANAPT consisting of 3,229 patients exposed to FANAPT at doses of 10 mg/day or greater, for the treatment of schizophrenia and from a clinical trial database for FANAPT consisting of 312 patients exposed to FANAPT at doses of 24 mg/day, for the treatment of bipolar mania [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . Of these, 999 received FANAPT for at least 6 months, with 657 exposed to FANAPT for at least 12 months for the treatment of schizophrenia and 69 received FANAPT for at least 6 months, with 28 exposed to FANAPT for at least 12 months for the treatment of bipolar mania. All of these patients who received FANAPT were participating in multiple-dose clinical trials. The conditions and duration of treatment with FANAPT varied greatly and included (in overlapping categories), open-label and double-blind phases of studies, inpatients and outpatients, fixed-dose and flexible-dose studies, and short-term and longer-term exposure. Schizophrenia The information presented in this section was derived from pooled data from 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies in patients who received FANAPT at daily doses within a range of 10 to 24 mg (n=874). Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More among FANAPT-Treated Patients and More Frequent than Placebo Table 3 enumerates the pooled incidences of adverse reactions that were spontaneously reported in four placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies, listing those reactions that occurred in 2% or more of patients treated with FANAPT in any of the dose groups, and for which the incidence in FANAPT- treated patients in any dose group was greater than the incidence in patients treated with placebo. Table 3: Percentage of Adverse Reactions in Short-Term, Fixed- or Flexible-Dose, Placebo- Controlled Schizophrenia Trials in Adult Patients* * Table includes adverse reactions that were reported in 2% or more of patients in any of the FANAPT dose groups and which occurred at greater incidence than in the placebo group. Figures rounded to the nearest integer. Body System or Organ Class Placebo (%) FANAPT 10-16 mg/day (%) FANAPT 20-24 mg/day (%) Dictionary-derived Term (N=587) (N=483) (N=391) Body as a Whole Arthralgia 2 3 3 Fatigue 3 4 6 Musculoskeletal Stiffness 1 1 3 Weight Increased 1 1 9 Cardiac Disorders Tachycardia 1 3 12 Eye Disorders Vision Blurred 2 3 1 Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 8 7 10 Dry Mouth 1 8 10 Diarrhea 4 5 7 Abdominal Discomfort 1 1 3 Infections Nasopharyngitis 3 4 3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 1 2 3 Nervous System Disorders Dizziness 7 10 20 Somnolence 5 9 15 Extrapyramidal Disorder 4 5 4 Tremor 2 3 3 Lethargy 1 3 1 Reproductive System Ejaculation Failure <1 2 2 Respiratory Nasal Congestion 2 5 8 Dyspnea <1 2 2 Skin Rash 2 3 2 Vascular Disorders Orthostatic Hypotension 1 3 5 Hypotension <1 <1 3 Bipolar Mania Table 4 enumerates the adverse reactions that occurred at an incidence of ≥2% and greater than placebo in a placebo-controlled, 4-week bipolar mania trial with FANAPT. Table 4: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% of Adult Patients Treated with FANAPT and > Placebo in a Short-Term, Fixed-Dose, Placebo-Controlled Bipolar Mania Trial * The following terms were combined: Tachycardia includes: heart rate increased, sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and tachycardia Nausea includes: nausea and vomiting Hepatic enzyme increased includes: predominantly alanine aminotransferase increased and including aspartate aminotransferase increased, hepatic enzyme increased, and transaminase increased) Weight increased includes: weight increased and BMI increased. Dizziness includes: dizziness and postural dizziness Headache includes: Headache and Tension headache Somnolence includes: predominantly sedation and including sedation complication and somnolence Urinary urgency and Polyuria includes: hypertonic bladder, micturition urgency, polyuria, and urinary incontinence Sexual Dysfunction includes: ejaculation failure, erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation, and ejaculation delayed Hypotension includes: orthostatic hypotension Fatigue includes: lethargy ** Patients with poor CYP2D6 metabolizer status received 12 mg/day. System Organ Class Preferred Terms Placebo N=208 % FANAPT 24 mg/day ** N=206 % Cardiac disorders Tachycardia * 5 23 Gastrointestinal disorders Dry mouth 2 9 Nausea * 3 4 Investigations Hepatic enzyme increased * 1 8 Weight increased * 1 6 Nervous system disorders Dizziness * 1 12 Headache * 4 5 Somnolence * 3 8 Akathisia 0 4 Renal and urinary disorders Urinary urgency and Polyuria * 0 3 Reproductive system and breast disorders Sexual Dysfunction * 0.5 4 Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders Nasal congestion 1 6 Vascular disorders Hypotension * 3 6 General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue * 1 3 Dose-Related Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials Based on the pooled data from 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies, adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia that occurred with a greater than 2% incidence in the patients treated with FANAPT, and for which the incidence in patients treated with FANAPT 20-24 mg/day were twice than the incidence in patients treated with FANAPT 10-16 mg/day were: abdominal discomfort, dizziness, hypotension, musculoskeletal stiffness, tachycardia, and weight increased. Common and Drug-Related Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials Based on the pooled data from 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies of patients with schizophrenia, the following adverse reactions occurred in ≥5% incidence in the patients treated with FANAPT and at least twice the placebo rate for at least 1 dose: dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, nasal congestion, somnolence, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and weight increased. Dizziness, tachycardia, and weight increased were at least twice as common on 20-24 mg/day as on 10-16 mg/day. In a short-term, placebo-controlled trial in patients with bipolar mania the following adverse reactions occurred in ≥5% incidence in the patients treated with FANAPT and at least twice the placebo rate: tachycardia, dizziness, dry mouth, hepatic enzymes increased, nasal congestion, weight increased, hypotension, and somnolence. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) in Clinical Trials Pooled data from the 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies of patients with schizophrenia provided information regarding EPS. Adverse event data collected from those trials showed the following rates of EPS-related adverse events as shown in Table 5 . Table 5: Percentage of EPS Compared to Placebo in 4- or 6-week Schizophrenia Trials Placebo (%) FANAPT 10-16 mg/day (%) FANAPT 20-24 mg/day (%) Preferred Term (N=587) (N=483) (N=391) All EPS events 11.6 13.5 15.1 Tremor 1.9 2.5 3.1 Akathisia 2.7 1.7 2.3 Dyskinesia 1.5 1.7 1 Dystonia 0.7 1 0.8 Bradykinesia 0 0.6 0.5 Parkinsonism 0 0.2 0.3 Table 6 shows the rates of EPS-related events in a 4-week bipolar mania trial. Table 6: Percentage of EPS Compared to Placebo in a 4-week Bipolar Mania Trial * Patients with poor CYP2D6 metabolizer status received 12 mg/day. Preferred Term Placebo (%) FANAPT 24 mg/day * (%) N=208 N=206 All EPS events 0 8.3 Akathisia 0 4.4 Extrapyramidal Disorder 0 1 Blepharospasm 0 0.5 Dystonia 0 0.5 Muscle Spasm 0 0.5 Restlessness 0 0.5 Torticollis 0 0.5 Tremor 0 0.5 Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment in Clinical Trials Based on the pooled data from 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies in patients with schizophrenia, there was no difference in the incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions between FANAPT-treated (5%) and placebo-treated (5%) patients. The types of adverse reactions that led to discontinuation were similar for the FANAPT- and placebo-treated patients. In a 4-week, placebo-controlled study in patients with bipolar mania, the incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions was higher in FANAPT-treated (8.7%) patients than placebo-treated (5.3%) patients. Adverse reactions that led to discontinuation in more than one FANAPT-treated subject were liver enzyme elevations, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and hypotension. Demographic Differences in Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials An examination of population subgroups in the 4 placebo-controlled, 4- or 6-week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies of patients with schizophrenia did not reveal any evidence of differences in safety on the basis of age, sex or race. Laboratory Test Abnormalities in Clinical Trials There were no differences between FANAPT and placebo in the incidence of discontinuation due to changes in hematology, or urinalysis. Serum Transaminases In a short-term placebo-controlled trial, asymptomatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations ≥3x ULN occurred in 9.2% of FANAPT-treated patients with acute mania compared to 1.5% of placebo treated subjects. AST elevations were less common. Hematocrit In short-term placebo-controlled trials (4- to 6-weeks) in patients with schizophrenia, there were 1.0% (13/1342) FANAPT-treated patients with hematocrit at least one time below the extended normal range during post-randomization treatment, compared to 0.3% (2/585) on placebo. The extended normal range for lowered hematocrit was defined in each of these trials as the value 15% below the normal range for the centralized laboratory that was used in the trial. In a short-term placebo-controlled trial (4 weeks) in patients with bipolar mania, there were 3.5% (7/200) FANAPT-treated patients with hematocrit at least one time below the extended normal range (<0.85xLLN) during post-randomization treatment, compared to 0.5% (1/196) on placebo. Analysis of clinical laboratory data following administration of FANAPT suggested the mechanism of hemodilution based on consistent decreases in hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, total protein, and albumin. Decreases in hematocrit and total protein have been observed with other alpha receptor antagonists and are attributed to hemodilution [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] Serum Urate Levels In a 4-week placebo-controlled trial in patients with bipolar mania, treatment with FANAPT 12 mg twice a day resulted in an increase of serum urate levels of approximately 27.2 umol/L (0.457 mg/dL) compared to 0.1 umol/L (0.002 mg/dL) in placebo group. Other Reactions During the Pre-marketing Evaluation of FANAPT Patients with Schizophrenia The following is a list of MedDRA terms that reflect adverse reactions in patients treated with FANAPT at multiple doses ≥ 4 mg/day during any phase of a trial with the database of 3,210 FANAPT-treated patients with schizophrenia. All reported reactions are included except those already listed in Table 3 , or other parts of the Adverse Reactions (6) , those considered in the Warnings and Precautions (5) , those reaction terms which were so general as to be uninformative, reactions reported in fewer than 3 patients and which were neither serious nor life-threatening, reactions that are otherwise common as background reactions, and reactions considered unlikely to be drug related. Reactions are further categorized by MedDRA system organ class and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: frequent adverse events are those occurring in at least 1/100 patients (only those not listed in Table 3 appear in this listing); infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients; rare events are those occurring in fewer than 1/1000 patients. Blood and Lymphatic Disorders: Infrequent – anemia, iron deficiency anemia; Rare – leukopenia Cardiac Disorders: Frequent – palpitations; Rare – arrhythmia, atrioventricular block first degree, cardiac failure (including congestive and acute) Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Infrequent – vertigo, tinnitus Endocrine Disorders: Infrequent – hypothyroidism Eye Disorders: Frequent – conjunctivitis (including allergic); Infrequent – dry eye, blepharitis, eyelid edema, eye swelling, lenticular opacities, cataract, hyperemia (including conjunctival) Gastrointestinal Disorders: Infrequent – gastritis, salivary hypersecretion, fecal incontinence, mouth ulceration; Rare – aphthous stomatitis, duodenal ulcer, hiatus hernia, hyperchlorhydria, lip ulceration, reflux esophagitis, stomatitis General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: Infrequent – edema (general, pitting, due to cardiac disease), difficulty in walking, thirst; Rare – hyperthermia Hepatobiliary Disorders: Infrequent – cholelithiasis Investigations: Frequent: weight decreased; Infrequent – hemoglobin decreased, neutrophil count increased, hematocrit decreased Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Infrequent – increased appetite, dehydration, hypokalemia, fluid retention Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Frequent – myalgia, muscle spasms; Rare – torticollis Nervous System Disorders: Infrequent – paresthesia, psychomotor hyperactivity, restlessness, amnesia, nystagmus; Rare – restless legs syndrome Psychiatric Disorders: Frequent – restlessness, aggression, delusion; Infrequent – hostility, libido decreased, paranoia, anorgasmia, confusional state, mania, catatonia, mood swings, panic attack, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, delirium, polydipsia psychogenic, impulse-control disorder, major depression Renal and Urinary Disorders: Frequent – urinary incontinence; Infrequent – dysuria, pollakiuria, enuresis, nephrolithiasis; Rare – urinary retention, renal failure acute Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Frequent – erectile dysfunction; Infrequent – testicular pain, amenorrhea, breast pain; Rare – menstruation irregular, gynecomastia, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, postmenopausal hemorrhage, prostatitis Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Infrequent – epistaxis, asthma, rhinorrhea, sinus congestion, nasal dryness; Rare – dry throat, sleep apnea syndrome, dyspnea exertional 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of FANAPT. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: retrograde ejaculation and hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis; angioedema; throat tightness; oropharyngeal swelling; swelling of the face, lips, mouth, and tongue; urticaria; rash; and pruritus).
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS FANAPT is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity reaction to the product. Anaphylaxis, angioedema, and other hypersensitivity reactions have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Known hypersensitivity to FANAPT or to any components in the formulation. ( 4 , 6.2 )
Description
11 DESCRIPTION FANAPT is an atypical antipsychotic belonging to the chemical class of piperidinyl-benzisoxazole derivatives. Its chemical name is 4’-[3-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino]propoxy]-3’-methoxyacetophenone. Its molecular formula is C 24 H 27 FN 2 O 4 and its molecular weight is 426.48. The structural formula is: Iloperidone is a white to off-white finely crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in water, very slightly soluble in 0.1 N HCl and freely soluble in chloroform, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile. FANAPT tablets are intended for oral administration only. Each round, uncoated tablet contains 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg, or 12 mg of iloperidone. Inactive ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, and purified water (removed during processing). The tablets are white, round, flat, beveled-edged, and identified with a logo “ ” debossed on one side and tablet strength “1”, “2”, “4”, “6”, “8”, “10”, or “12” debossed on the other side. FANAPT structural formula
Dosage And Administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer FANAPT orally twice daily without regard to meals. ( 2.1 ) Titrate the dosage of FANAPT to avoid orthostatic hypotension. See Full Prescribing Information for titration schedule. ( 2.1 ) Recommended Dosage: Indication Starting Dosage Recommended Dosage Schizophrenia ( 2.1 ) 1 mg twice daily 6 mg to 12 mg twice daily Bipolar Mania ( 2.1 ) 1 mg twice daily 12 mg twice daily CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers: See Full Prescribing Information for titration schedule and recommended dosage. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosage Titrate FANAPT to avoid orthostatic hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Administer FANAPT orally with or without food. Table 1 includes dosage recommendations for FANAPT for the treatment of schizophrenia and the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. Table 1: Dosage Recommendations for FANAPT in Adults for the Treatment of Schizophrenia or Acute Treatment of Manic or Mixed Episodes Associated with Bipolar I Disorder Indication and Population Titration schedule Recommended Dosage Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Schizophrenia 1mg twice daily 2 mg twice daily 4 mg twice daily 6 mg twice daily 8 mg twice daily 10 mg twice daily 12 mg twice daily 6 mg to 12 mg twice daily Bipolar I Disorder Manic or Mixed Episodes 1 mg twice daily 3 mg twice daily 6 mg twice daily 9 mg twice daily 12 mg twice daily Titration complete 12 mg twice daily 2.2 Dosage Recommendations for Use in Patients Who Are Known CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half for CYP2D6 poor metabolizers [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 , 12.5 )] . Table 2 includes dosage recommendations for FANAPT in adults who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. Table 2: Dosage Recommendations for FANAPT in Adults with Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder Who are CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers Indication and Population Titration schedule Recommended Dosage Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Schizophrenia 1mg twice daily 2 mg twice daily 4 mg twice daily 6 mg twice daily Titration complete 3 mg to 6 mg twice daily Bipolar I Disorder Manic or Mixed Episodes 1 mg twice daily 3 mg twice daily 6 mg twice daily Titration complete 6 mg twice daily 2.3 Dosage Recommendations in Patients with Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment for FANAPT is needed in patients with mild hepatic impairment. Patients with moderate hepatic impairment may require dose reduction, if clinically indicated. FANAPT is not recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . 2.4 Dosage Modifications for Concomitant Use with Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors and Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Coadministration with Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors Reduce the dose of FANAPT one-half when administered concomitantly with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors such as fluoxetine or paroxetine. When the CYP2D6 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, increase the dose of FANAPT to where it was before [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half when administered concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole or clarithromycin. When the CYP3A4 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, increase the dose of FANAPT to where it was before [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Coadministration with Strong CYP2D6 and Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Reduce the dose of FANAPT by about one-half if administered concomitantly with inhibitors of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. When both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitors are withdrawn from the combination therapy, increase the dose of FANAPT to where it was before [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . 2.5 Reinitiation of Treatment in Patients Previously Discontinued Although there are no data to specifically address reinitiation of treatment, it is recommended that the initiation titration schedule be followed whenever patients have had an interval off FANAPT of more than 3 days.
Indications And Usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE FANAPT ® is indicated for: Treatment of schizophrenia in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . FANAPT is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: Treatment of schizophrenia in adults. ( 1 , 14.1 ) Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. ( 1 , 14.2 )
Abuse
9.2 Abuse FANAPT has not been systematically studied in animals or humans for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. While the clinical trials did not reveal any tendency for drug-seeking behavior, these observations were not systematic and it is not possible to predict on the basis of this experience the extent to which a CNS active drug, FANAPT, will be misused, diverted, and/or abused once marketed. Consequently, patients should be evaluated carefully for a history of drug abuse, and such patients should be observed closely for signs of FANAPT misuse or abuse (e.g. development of tolerance, increases in dose, drug-seeking behavior).
Controlled Substance
9.1 Controlled Substance FANAPT is not a controlled substance.
Drug Abuse And Dependence
9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 9.1 Controlled Substance FANAPT is not a controlled substance. 9.2 Abuse FANAPT has not been systematically studied in animals or humans for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. While the clinical trials did not reveal any tendency for drug-seeking behavior, these observations were not systematic and it is not possible to predict on the basis of this experience the extent to which a CNS active drug, FANAPT, will be misused, diverted, and/or abused once marketed. Consequently, patients should be evaluated carefully for a history of drug abuse, and such patients should be observed closely for signs of FANAPT misuse or abuse (e.g. development of tolerance, increases in dose, drug-seeking behavior).
Overdosage
10 OVERDOSAGE 10.1 Human Experience In pre-marketing trials involving over 3,522 patients, accidental or intentional overdose of FANAPT was documented in 8 patients ranging from 48 mg to 576 mg taken at once and 292 mg taken over a 3-day period. No fatalities were reported from these cases. The largest confirmed single ingestion of FANAPT was 576 mg; no adverse physical effects were noted for this patient. The next largest confirmed ingestion of FANAPT was 438 mg over a 4-day period; extrapyramidal symptoms and a QTc interval of 507 msec were reported for this patient with no cardiac sequelae. This patient resumed FANAPT treatment for an additional 11 months. In general, reported signs and symptoms were those resulting from an exaggeration of the known pharmacological effects (e.g., drowsiness and sedation, tachycardia and hypotension) of FANAPT. 10.2 Management of Overdose There is no specific antidote for FANAPT. Therefore appropriate supportive measures should be instituted. In case of acute overdose, the healthcare provider should establish and maintain an airway and ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Gastric lavage (after intubation, if patient is unconscious) and administration of activated charcoal together with a laxative should be considered. The possibility of obtundation, seizures or dystonic reaction of the head and neck following overdose may create a risk of aspiration with induced emesis. Cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous ECG monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. If antiarrhythmic therapy is administered, disopyramide, procainamide and quinidine should not be used, as they have the potential for QT-prolonging effects that might be additive to those of FANAPT. Similarly, it is reasonable to expect that the alpha-blocking properties of bretylium might be additive to those of FANAPT, resulting in problematic hypotension. Hypotension and circulatory collapse should be treated with appropriate measures such as intravenous fluids or sympathomimetic agents (epinephrine and dopamine should not be used, since beta stimulation may worsen hypotension in the setting of FANAPT-induced alpha blockade). In cases of severe extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic medication should be administered. Close medical supervision should continue until the patient recovers. Consider contacting the Poison Help Line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdose management recommendations.
Adverse Reactions Table
* Table includes adverse reactions that were reported in 2% or more of patients in any of the FANAPT dose groups and which occurred at greater incidence than in the placebo group. Figures rounded to the nearest integer. | |||
Body System or Organ Class | Placebo (%) | FANAPT 10-16 mg/day (%) | FANAPT 20-24 mg/day (%) |
Dictionary-derived Term | (N=587) | (N=483) | (N=391) |
Body as a Whole | |||
Arthralgia | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Fatigue | 3 | 4 | 6 |
Musculoskeletal Stiffness | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Weight Increased | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Cardiac Disorders | |||
Tachycardia | 1 | 3 | 12 |
Eye Disorders | |||
Vision Blurred | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | |||
Nausea | 8 | 7 | 10 |
Dry Mouth | 1 | 8 | 10 |
Diarrhea | 4 | 5 | 7 |
Abdominal Discomfort | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Infections | |||
Nasopharyngitis | 3 | 4 | 3 |
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Nervous System Disorders | |||
Dizziness | 7 | 10 | 20 |
Somnolence | 5 | 9 | 15 |
Extrapyramidal Disorder | 4 | 5 | 4 |
Tremor | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Lethargy | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Reproductive System | |||
Ejaculation Failure | <1 | 2 | 2 |
Respiratory | |||
Nasal Congestion | 2 | 5 | 8 |
Dyspnea | <1 | 2 | 2 |
Skin | |||
Rash | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Vascular Disorders | |||
Orthostatic Hypotension | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Hypotension | <1 | <1 | 3 |
Drug Interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS The dose of FANAPT should be reduced in patients co-administered a strong CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 inhibitor. ( 2.2 , 7.1 ) 7.1 Clinically Important Drug Interactions with FANAPT Table 7 presents clinically important drug interactions with FANAPT. Table 7: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with FANAPT Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors Clinical Impact Coadministration of fluoxetine with iloperidone increased exposure (area under curve, [AUC]) of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 2- to 3- fold, and decreased the AUC of its metabolite P95 by one-half [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 , 12.5) ] . Coadministration of paroxetine with iloperidone resulted in increased mean steady-state peak concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 1.6- fold, and decreased mean steady-state peak concentrations of its metabolite P95 by one-half [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 , 12.5) ] . Intervention Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half when administered with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors. When a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the iloperidone dose should be returned to the previous level [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact Co-administration of ketoconazole with iloperidone, increased the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolites P88 and P95 by 57%, 55%, and 35%, respectively [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Intervention Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half when administered with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. When the CYP3A4 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the FANAPT dose should be returned to the previous level [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . Concomitant use of Strong CYP2D6 and Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact Coadministration of iloperidone with paroxetine and ketoconazole resulted in a 1.4- fold increase in steady-state concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88 and a 1.4- fold decrease in the P95 in the presence of paroxetine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Intervention Coadministration of FANAPT with inhibitors of both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 did not add to the effect of either inhibitor given alone. Reduce the dose of FANAPT by about one-half if administered concomitantly with both a CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitor same as if it is coadministered with only one inhibitor. When the inhibitors of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 are withdrawn from the combination therapy, the FANAPT dose should be returned to the previous level [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . 7.2 Drugs that Prolong the QT Interval Concomitant use of drugs that prolong the QT interval may add to the QT effects of FANAPT and increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Avoid the use of FANAPT in combination with any other drugs that prolong the QT interval [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . 7.3 Drugs that Lower Blood Pressure Concomitant use of FANAPT with medications that lower blood pressure could potentially cause symptomatic hypotension. Avoid coadministration of FANAPT with alpha-adrenergic blocking agents and adjust medications that affect blood pressure as needed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] .
Drug Interactions Table
Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors | |
Clinical Impact | Coadministration of fluoxetine with iloperidone increased exposure (area under curve, [AUC]) of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 2- to 3- fold, and decreased the AUC of its metabolite P95 by one-half [see |
Intervention | Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half when administered with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors. When a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the iloperidone dose should be returned to the previous level [see |
Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors | |
Clinical Impact | Co-administration of ketoconazole with iloperidone, increased the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolites P88 and P95 by 57%, 55%, and 35%, respectively [see |
Intervention | Reduce the dose of FANAPT by one-half when administered with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. When the CYP3A4 inhibitor is withdrawn from the combination therapy, the FANAPT dose should be returned to the previous level [see |
Concomitant use of Strong CYP2D6 and Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors | |
Clinical Impact | Coadministration of iloperidone with paroxetine and ketoconazole resulted in a 1.4- fold increase in steady-state concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88 and a 1.4- fold decrease in the P95 in the presence of paroxetine [see |
Intervention | Coadministration of FANAPT with inhibitors of both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 did not add to the effect of either inhibitor given alone. Reduce the dose of FANAPT by about one-half if administered concomitantly with both a CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitor same as if it is coadministered with only one inhibitor. When the inhibitors of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 are withdrawn from the combination therapy, the FANAPT dose should be returned to the previous level [see |
Clinical Pharmacology
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of iloperidone in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder is unknown. However, the efficacy of iloperidone could be mediated through a combination of dopamine type 2 (D 2 ) and serotonin type 2 (5-HT 2 ) antagonism. Iloperidone forms an active metabolite, P88, that has an in vitro receptor binding profile similar to the parent drug. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Iloperidone acts as an antagonist with high (nM) affinity binding to serotonin 5-HT 2A, dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors, and norepinephrine NEα1 receptors (K i values of 5.6, 6.3, 7.1, and 0.36 nM, respectively). Iloperidone has moderate affinity for dopamine D 4 , and serotonin 5-HT 6 and 5-HT 7 receptors (K i values of 25, 43, and 22, nM respectively), and low affinity for the serotonin 5-HT 1A , dopamine D 1 , and histamine H 1 receptors (K i values of 168, 216, and 437 nM, respectively). Iloperidone has no appreciable affinity (K i >1000 nM) for cholinergic muscarinic receptors. The affinity of iloperidone metabolite P88 is generally equal to or less than that of the parent compound, while the metabolite P95 only shows affinity for 5-HT 2A (K i value of 3.91) and the NE α1A , NE α1B , NE α1D , and NE α2 C receptors (K i values of 4.7, 2.7, 8.8, and 4.7 nM respectively). 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of iloperidone is more than dose proportional. Steady-state concentrations are attained within 3 to 4 days of dosing. Iloperidone accumulation is predictable from single-dose pharmacokinetics. Absorption Iloperidone is well absorbed after administration of the tablet with time to peak plasma concentrations (T max ) occurring within 2 to 4 hours. The relative bioavailability of the tablet formulation compared to oral solution is 96%. Effect of Food Administration of iloperidone with a standard high-fat meal did not significantly affect the C max or AUC of iloperidone, P88, or P95, but delayed T max by 1 hour for iloperidone, 2 hours for P88 and 6 hours for P95. FANAPT can be administered without regard to meals. Distribution Iloperidone has an apparent volume of distribution of 1340-2800 L. At therapeutic concentrations, the unbound fraction of iloperidone in plasma is ~3% and of each metabolite (P88 and P95) it is ~8%. Elimination The observed mean elimination half-lives for iloperidone, P88, and P95 in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EM) are 18, 26, and 23 hours, respectively, and in poor metabolizers (PM) are 33, 37, and 31 hours, respectively. Iloperidone has an apparent clearance (clearance / bioavailability) of 47 to 102 L/h. Metabolism Elimination of iloperidone is mainly through hepatic metabolism. Iloperidone is metabolized primarily by 3 biotransformation pathways: carbonyl reduction, hydroxylation (mediated by CYP2D6) and O-demethylation (mediated by CYP3A4). There are 2 predominant iloperidone metabolites, P95 and P88. The iloperidone metabolite P95 represents 47.9% of the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolites in plasma at steady-state for extensive metabolizers (EM) and 25% for poor metabolizers (PM). The active metabolite P88 accounts for 19.5% and 34.0% of total plasma exposure in EM and PM, respectively. Approximately 7% - 10% of Caucasians and 3% - 8% of black/African Americans lack the capacity to metabolize CYP2D6 substrates and are classified as poor metabolizers (PM), whereas the rest are intermediate, extensive, or ultrarapid metabolizers. Excretion The bulk of the radioactive materials were recovered in the urine (mean 58.2% and 45.1% in EM and PM, respectively), with feces accounting for 19.9% (EM) to 22.1% (PM) of the dosed radioactivity. Specific Populations Patients with Renal Impairment Renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) had minimal effect on C max of iloperidone (given in a single dose of 3 mg) and its metabolites P88 and P95 in any of the 3 analytes measured. AUC 0–∞ was increased by 24%, decreased by 6%, and increased by 52% for iloperidone, P88 and P95, respectively, in subjects with renal impairment. Patients with Hepatic Impairment In adult subjects with mild hepatic impairment, no relevant difference in pharmacokinetics of iloperidone, P88 or P95 (total or unbound) was observed compared to healthy adult controls. In subjects with moderate hepatic impairment a higher (2-fold) and more variable free exposure to the active metabolites P88 was observed compared to healthy controls, whereas exposure to iloperidone and P95 was generally similar (less than 50% change compared to control). Studies with severe liver impaired subjects have not been conducted [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . Effect of Smoking Based on in vitro studies utilizing human liver enzymes, FANAPT is not a substrate for CYP1A2; smoking should therefore not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of FANAPT. Drug Interactions Studies CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors The effects of fluoxetine and ketoconazole on the exposures of FANAPT, P88, and P95 are summarized in Figure 1 . Figure 1: Effect of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Inhibitors on the Pharmacokinetics of FANAPT and its Metabolites Ketoconazole: Co-administration of ketoconazole (200 mg twice daily for 4 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, with a 3 mg single dose of iloperidone to 19 healthy volunteers, ages 18-45 years, increased the area under the curve (AUC) of iloperidone and its metabolites P88 and P95 by 57%, 55% and 35%, respectively. Weaker inhibitors (e.g., erythromycin, grapefruit juice) have not been studied. Fluoxetine: Coadministration of fluoxetine (20 mg twice daily for 21 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, with a single 3 mg dose of iloperidone to 23 healthy volunteers, ages 29-44 years, who were classified as CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, increased the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 2- to 3- fold, and decreased the AUC of its metabolite P95 by one-half. Paroxetine: Coadministration of paroxetine (20 mg/day for 5-8 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, with multiple doses of iloperidone (8 or 12 mg twice daily) to patients with schizophrenia ages 18-65 years resulted in increased mean steady-state peak concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 1.6 fold, and decreased mean steady-state peak concentrations of its metabolite P95 by one-half. Paroxetine and Ketoconazole: Coadministration of paroxetine (20 mg once daily for 10 days), a CYP2D6 inhibitor, and ketoconazole (200 mg twice daily) with multiple doses of iloperidone (8 or 12 mg twice daily) to patients with schizophrenia ages 18-65 years resulted in a 1.4 fold increase in steady-state concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88 and a 1.4 fold decrease in the P95 in the presence of paroxetine. Dextromethorphan: A study in healthy volunteers showed that changes in the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan (80 mg dose) when a 3 mg dose of iloperidone was co-administered resulted in a 17% increase in total exposure and a 26% increase in the maximum plasma concentrations C max of dextromethorphan. Thus, an interaction between iloperidone and other CYP2D6 substrates is unlikely. Fluoxetine: A single 3 mg dose of iloperidone had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine (20 mg twice daily). Midazolam (a sensitive CYP 3A4 substrate): A study in patients with schizophrenia showed a less than 50% increase in midazolam total exposure at iloperidone steady state (14 days of oral dosing at up to 10 mg iloperidone twice daily) and no effect on midazolam C max . Thus, an interaction between iloperidone and other CYP3A4 substrates is unlikely. In Vitro Studies Based on the in vitro data, iloperidone is not a substrate for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP2E1 enzymes. This suggests that an interaction of iloperidone with inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes, or other factors, like smoking, is unlikely. In vitro studies in human liver microsomes showed that iloperidone does not substantially inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized by the following cytochrome P450 isozymes: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, or CYP2E1. Furthermore, in vitro studies in human liver microsomes showed that iloperidone does not have enzyme inducing properties, specifically for the following cytochrome P450 isozymes: CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. Transporter Interaction: Iloperidone and P88 are not substrates of P-gp and iloperidone is a weak P-gp inhibitor. Figure 1 12.5 Pharmacogenomics CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizer (PM): The gene encoding CYP2D6 has polymorphisms that impact protein function. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers are individuals with two non-functioning alleles, resulting in no enzyme activity. Pharmacokinetic data from CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (n=8) treated with iloperidone demonstrated an increase in the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolite P88 by 47% and 85%, respectively and decrease the AUC of metabolite P95 by 85% compared to normal metabolizers (n=18) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . Approximately 7% of White populations, 2% of Asian populations, and 2% of African-American populations are poor metabolizers.
Mechanism Of Action
12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of iloperidone in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder is unknown. However, the efficacy of iloperidone could be mediated through a combination of dopamine type 2 (D 2 ) and serotonin type 2 (5-HT 2 ) antagonism. Iloperidone forms an active metabolite, P88, that has an in vitro receptor binding profile similar to the parent drug.
Pharmacodynamics
12.2 Pharmacodynamics Iloperidone acts as an antagonist with high (nM) affinity binding to serotonin 5-HT 2A, dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors, and norepinephrine NEα1 receptors (K i values of 5.6, 6.3, 7.1, and 0.36 nM, respectively). Iloperidone has moderate affinity for dopamine D 4 , and serotonin 5-HT 6 and 5-HT 7 receptors (K i values of 25, 43, and 22, nM respectively), and low affinity for the serotonin 5-HT 1A , dopamine D 1 , and histamine H 1 receptors (K i values of 168, 216, and 437 nM, respectively). Iloperidone has no appreciable affinity (K i >1000 nM) for cholinergic muscarinic receptors. The affinity of iloperidone metabolite P88 is generally equal to or less than that of the parent compound, while the metabolite P95 only shows affinity for 5-HT 2A (K i value of 3.91) and the NE α1A , NE α1B , NE α1D , and NE α2 C receptors (K i values of 4.7, 2.7, 8.8, and 4.7 nM respectively).
Pharmacokinetics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of iloperidone is more than dose proportional. Steady-state concentrations are attained within 3 to 4 days of dosing. Iloperidone accumulation is predictable from single-dose pharmacokinetics. Absorption Iloperidone is well absorbed after administration of the tablet with time to peak plasma concentrations (T max ) occurring within 2 to 4 hours. The relative bioavailability of the tablet formulation compared to oral solution is 96%. Effect of Food Administration of iloperidone with a standard high-fat meal did not significantly affect the C max or AUC of iloperidone, P88, or P95, but delayed T max by 1 hour for iloperidone, 2 hours for P88 and 6 hours for P95. FANAPT can be administered without regard to meals. Distribution Iloperidone has an apparent volume of distribution of 1340-2800 L. At therapeutic concentrations, the unbound fraction of iloperidone in plasma is ~3% and of each metabolite (P88 and P95) it is ~8%. Elimination The observed mean elimination half-lives for iloperidone, P88, and P95 in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EM) are 18, 26, and 23 hours, respectively, and in poor metabolizers (PM) are 33, 37, and 31 hours, respectively. Iloperidone has an apparent clearance (clearance / bioavailability) of 47 to 102 L/h. Metabolism Elimination of iloperidone is mainly through hepatic metabolism. Iloperidone is metabolized primarily by 3 biotransformation pathways: carbonyl reduction, hydroxylation (mediated by CYP2D6) and O-demethylation (mediated by CYP3A4). There are 2 predominant iloperidone metabolites, P95 and P88. The iloperidone metabolite P95 represents 47.9% of the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolites in plasma at steady-state for extensive metabolizers (EM) and 25% for poor metabolizers (PM). The active metabolite P88 accounts for 19.5% and 34.0% of total plasma exposure in EM and PM, respectively. Approximately 7% - 10% of Caucasians and 3% - 8% of black/African Americans lack the capacity to metabolize CYP2D6 substrates and are classified as poor metabolizers (PM), whereas the rest are intermediate, extensive, or ultrarapid metabolizers. Excretion The bulk of the radioactive materials were recovered in the urine (mean 58.2% and 45.1% in EM and PM, respectively), with feces accounting for 19.9% (EM) to 22.1% (PM) of the dosed radioactivity. Specific Populations Patients with Renal Impairment Renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) had minimal effect on C max of iloperidone (given in a single dose of 3 mg) and its metabolites P88 and P95 in any of the 3 analytes measured. AUC 0–∞ was increased by 24%, decreased by 6%, and increased by 52% for iloperidone, P88 and P95, respectively, in subjects with renal impairment. Patients with Hepatic Impairment In adult subjects with mild hepatic impairment, no relevant difference in pharmacokinetics of iloperidone, P88 or P95 (total or unbound) was observed compared to healthy adult controls. In subjects with moderate hepatic impairment a higher (2-fold) and more variable free exposure to the active metabolites P88 was observed compared to healthy controls, whereas exposure to iloperidone and P95 was generally similar (less than 50% change compared to control). Studies with severe liver impaired subjects have not been conducted [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . Effect of Smoking Based on in vitro studies utilizing human liver enzymes, FANAPT is not a substrate for CYP1A2; smoking should therefore not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of FANAPT. Drug Interactions Studies CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors The effects of fluoxetine and ketoconazole on the exposures of FANAPT, P88, and P95 are summarized in Figure 1 . Figure 1: Effect of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Inhibitors on the Pharmacokinetics of FANAPT and its Metabolites Ketoconazole: Co-administration of ketoconazole (200 mg twice daily for 4 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, with a 3 mg single dose of iloperidone to 19 healthy volunteers, ages 18-45 years, increased the area under the curve (AUC) of iloperidone and its metabolites P88 and P95 by 57%, 55% and 35%, respectively. Weaker inhibitors (e.g., erythromycin, grapefruit juice) have not been studied. Fluoxetine: Coadministration of fluoxetine (20 mg twice daily for 21 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, with a single 3 mg dose of iloperidone to 23 healthy volunteers, ages 29-44 years, who were classified as CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, increased the AUC of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 2- to 3- fold, and decreased the AUC of its metabolite P95 by one-half. Paroxetine: Coadministration of paroxetine (20 mg/day for 5-8 days), a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, with multiple doses of iloperidone (8 or 12 mg twice daily) to patients with schizophrenia ages 18-65 years resulted in increased mean steady-state peak concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88, by about 1.6 fold, and decreased mean steady-state peak concentrations of its metabolite P95 by one-half. Paroxetine and Ketoconazole: Coadministration of paroxetine (20 mg once daily for 10 days), a CYP2D6 inhibitor, and ketoconazole (200 mg twice daily) with multiple doses of iloperidone (8 or 12 mg twice daily) to patients with schizophrenia ages 18-65 years resulted in a 1.4 fold increase in steady-state concentrations of iloperidone and its metabolite P88 and a 1.4 fold decrease in the P95 in the presence of paroxetine. Dextromethorphan: A study in healthy volunteers showed that changes in the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan (80 mg dose) when a 3 mg dose of iloperidone was co-administered resulted in a 17% increase in total exposure and a 26% increase in the maximum plasma concentrations C max of dextromethorphan. Thus, an interaction between iloperidone and other CYP2D6 substrates is unlikely. Fluoxetine: A single 3 mg dose of iloperidone had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine (20 mg twice daily). Midazolam (a sensitive CYP 3A4 substrate): A study in patients with schizophrenia showed a less than 50% increase in midazolam total exposure at iloperidone steady state (14 days of oral dosing at up to 10 mg iloperidone twice daily) and no effect on midazolam C max . Thus, an interaction between iloperidone and other CYP3A4 substrates is unlikely. In Vitro Studies Based on the in vitro data, iloperidone is not a substrate for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP2E1 enzymes. This suggests that an interaction of iloperidone with inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes, or other factors, like smoking, is unlikely. In vitro studies in human liver microsomes showed that iloperidone does not substantially inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized by the following cytochrome P450 isozymes: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, or CYP2E1. Furthermore, in vitro studies in human liver microsomes showed that iloperidone does not have enzyme inducing properties, specifically for the following cytochrome P450 isozymes: CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. Transporter Interaction: Iloperidone and P88 are not substrates of P-gp and iloperidone is a weak P-gp inhibitor. Figure 1
Effective Time
20240611
Version
27
Dosage And Administration Table
Indication | Starting Dosage | Recommended Dosage |
Schizophrenia ( | 1 mg twice daily | 6 mg to 12 mg twice daily |
Bipolar Mania ( | 1 mg twice daily | 12 mg twice daily |
Dosage Forms And Strengths
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS FANAPT tablets are available in the following strengths: 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg, and 12 mg. The tablets are white, round, flat, beveled-edged and identified with a logo “ ” debossed on one side and tablet strength “1”, “2”, “4”, “6”, “8”, “10”, or “12” debossed on the other side. 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg and 12 mg tablets. ( 3 ) Tablet Imprint
Spl Product Data Elements
Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 1 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 1 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 2 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 2 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 4 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 6 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 6 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 8 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 8 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 10 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 12 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 1 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 2 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 4 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 6 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 1 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 2 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 4 flat, beveled-edge Fanapt iloperidone ILOPERIDONE ILOPERIDONE 6 flat, beveled-edge
Carcinogenesis And Mutagenesis And Impairment Of Fertility
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis: Lifetime carcinogenicity studies were conducted in CD-1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Iloperidone was administered orally at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg/day to CD-1 mice and 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg/day to Sprague Dawley rats (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.5 times, respectively, the MRHD of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis). There was an increased incidence of malignant mammary gland tumors in female mice treated with the lowest dose (2.5 mg/kg/day) only. There were no treatment-related increases in neoplasia in rats. The carcinogenic potential of the iloperidone metabolite P95, which is a major circulating metabolite of iloperidone in humans but is not present at significant amounts in mice or rats, was assessed in a lifetime carcinogenicity study in Wistar rats at oral doses of 25, 75, and 200 mg/kg/day in males and 50, 150, and 250 (reduced from 400) mg/kg/day in females. Drug-related neoplastic changes occurred in males, in the pituitary gland (pars distalis adenoma) at all doses and in the pancreas (islet cell adenoma) at the high dose. Plasma levels of P95 (AUC) in males at the tested doses (25, 75, and 200 mg/kg/day) were approximately 0.4, 3, and 23 times, respectively, the human exposure to P95 at the MRHD of iloperidone. Mutagenesis: Iloperidone was negative in the Ames test and in the in vivo mouse bone marrow and rat liver micronucleus tests. Iloperidone induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro at concentrations which also caused some cytotoxicity. The iloperidone metabolite P95 was negative in the Ames test, the V79 chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Impairment of Fertility: Iloperidone decreased fertility at 12 and 36 mg/kg in a study in which both male and female rats were treated. The no-effect dose was 4 mg/kg, which is 1.6 times the MRHD of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis.
Nonclinical Toxicology
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis: Lifetime carcinogenicity studies were conducted in CD-1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Iloperidone was administered orally at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg/day to CD-1 mice and 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg/day to Sprague Dawley rats (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.5 times, respectively, the MRHD of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis). There was an increased incidence of malignant mammary gland tumors in female mice treated with the lowest dose (2.5 mg/kg/day) only. There were no treatment-related increases in neoplasia in rats. The carcinogenic potential of the iloperidone metabolite P95, which is a major circulating metabolite of iloperidone in humans but is not present at significant amounts in mice or rats, was assessed in a lifetime carcinogenicity study in Wistar rats at oral doses of 25, 75, and 200 mg/kg/day in males and 50, 150, and 250 (reduced from 400) mg/kg/day in females. Drug-related neoplastic changes occurred in males, in the pituitary gland (pars distalis adenoma) at all doses and in the pancreas (islet cell adenoma) at the high dose. Plasma levels of P95 (AUC) in males at the tested doses (25, 75, and 200 mg/kg/day) were approximately 0.4, 3, and 23 times, respectively, the human exposure to P95 at the MRHD of iloperidone. Mutagenesis: Iloperidone was negative in the Ames test and in the in vivo mouse bone marrow and rat liver micronucleus tests. Iloperidone induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in vitro at concentrations which also caused some cytotoxicity. The iloperidone metabolite P95 was negative in the Ames test, the V79 chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Impairment of Fertility: Iloperidone decreased fertility at 12 and 36 mg/kg in a study in which both male and female rats were treated. The no-effect dose was 4 mg/kg, which is 1.6 times the MRHD of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis.
Application Number
NDA022192
Brand Name
Fanapt
Generic Name
iloperidone
Product Ndc
43068-904
Product Type
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG
Route
ORAL
Package Label Principal Display Panel
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 43068-101-02 - 1mg Label PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 1mg Label
Recent Major Changes
Indications and Usage ( 1 ) 4/2024 Dose and Administration ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4 ) 4/2024 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 , 5.7 , 5.11 , 5.15 , 5.16 ) 4/2024 Warnings and Precautions, Suicide (5.14) Removed 4/2024
Information For Patients
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION QT Interval Prolongation Patients should be advised to consult their healthcare provider immediately if they feel faint, lose consciousness or have heart palpitations. Patients should be counseled not to take FANAPT with other drugs that cause QT interval prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Patients should be told to inform their healthcare provider that they are taking FANAPT before any new drug is taken. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Counsel patients and caregivers about a potentially fatal adverse reaction, NMS, that has been reported with administration of antipsychotic drugs, including FANAPT. Advise patients and caregivers to contact the healthcare provider or to report to the emergency room if they experience signs and symptoms of NMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Tardive Dyskinesia Counsel patients on the signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and to contact their healthcare provider if these abnormal movements occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . Metabolic Changes Educate patients of metabolic changes, how to recognize symptoms of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, and the need for specific monitoring, including blood glucose, lipids, and weight. Patients should be counseled that weight gain has occurred during treatment with FANAPT [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope Educate patients about the risk of orthostatic hypotension and syncope, particularly at the time of initiating treatment, re-initiating treatment, or increasing the dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Leukopenia/Neutropenia Advise patients with a pre-existing low WBC or a history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia that they should have their CBC monitored while taking FANAPT [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] . Heat Exposure and Dehydration Educate patients regarding appropriate care in avoiding overheating and dehydration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] . Interference with Cognitive and Motor Performance Caution patients about performing activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating hazardous machinery or operating a motor vehicle, until they are reasonably certain that FANAPT therapy does not affect them adversely [see ( Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] . Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome Instruct patients to tell their ophthalmologist about their use of FANAPT before cataract surgery or other procedures involving the eyes, even if the patient is no longer taking FANAPT [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] . Pregnancy Advise patients that third trimester use of FANAPT may cause extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms in a neonate. Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider with known or suspected pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Pregnancy Registry Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to FANAPT during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Lactation Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with FANAPT [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ] . Concomitant Medication Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs, since there is a potential for interactions [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . Alcohol Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol while taking FANAPT. Distributed by: Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. Washington, D.C. 20037 USA Vanda and Fanapt ® are registered trademarks of Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. in the United States and other countries.
Clinical Studies
14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Schizophrenia The efficacy of FANAPT in the treatment of schizophrenia was supported by 2 placebo- and active-controlled short-term (4- and 6-week) trials and one long-term placebo-controlled randomized withdrawal trial. All trials enrolled patients who met the DSM-III/IV criteria for schizophrenia. Three instruments were used for assessing psychiatric signs and symptoms in these studies. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) are both multi-item inventories of general psychopathology usually used to evaluate the effects of drug treatment in schizophrenia. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) assessment reflects the impression of a skilled observer, fully familiar with the manifestations of schizophrenia, about the overall clinical state of the patient. Study 1, a 6-week, placebo-controlled trial (n=706), involved 2 flexible dose ranges of FANAPT (12 mg to 16 mg/day or 20 mg to 24 mg/day) compared to placebo and an active control (risperidone). For the 12 mg to 16 mg/day group, the titration schedule of FANAPT was 1 mg twice daily on Days 1 and 2, 2 mg twice daily on Days 3 and 4, 4 mg twice daily on Days 5 and 6, and 6 mg twice daily on Day 7. For the 20 mg to 24 mg/day group, the titration schedule of FANAPT was 1 mg twice daily on Day 1, 2 mg twice daily on Day 2, 4 mg twice daily on Day 3, 6 mg twice daily on Days 4 and 5, 8 mg twice daily on Day 6, and 10 mg twice daily on Day 7. The primary endpoint was change from baseline on the BPRS total score at the end of treatment (Day 42). Both the 12 mg to 16 mg/day and the 20 mg to 24 mg/day dose ranges of FANAPT were superior to placebo on the BPRS total score. The active control antipsychotic drug appeared to be superior to FANAPT in this trial within the first 2 weeks, a finding that may in part be explained by the more rapid titration that was possible for that drug. In patients in this study who remained on treatment for at least 2 weeks, iloperidone appeared to have had comparable efficacy to the active control. Study 2 (NCT00254202), a 4-week, placebo-controlled trial (n=604), involved one fixed-dose of FANAPT (24 mg/day) compared to placebo and an active control (ziprasidone). The titration schedule for this study was similar to that for the 6-week study. This study involved titration of FANAPT starting at 1 mg twice daily on Day 1 and increasing to 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mg twice daily on Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The primary endpoint was change from baseline on the PANSS total score at the end of treatment (Day 28). The 24 mg/day FANAPT dose was superior to placebo in the PANSS total score. FANAPT appeared to have similar efficacy to the active control drug which also needed a slow titration to the target dose. In a longer-term trial (Study 3; NCT01291511), clinically stable adult outpatients (n=303) meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia who remained stable following 12 weeks of open-label treatment with flexible doses of FANAPT (8 mg to 24 mg/day administered as twice daily doses) were randomized to placebo or to continue on their current FANAPT dose (8 mg to 24 mg/day administered as twice daily doses) for observation for possible relapse during the double-blind relapse prevention phase. Stabilization during the open-label phase was defined as being on an established dose of FANAPT that was unchanged due to efficacy in the 4 weeks prior to randomization, having CGI-Severity score of ≤4 and PANSS total score ≤70, a score of ≤4 on each of the following individual PANSS items (P1-delusions, P2-conceptual disorganization, P3-hallucinatory behavior, P6-suspiciousness/persecution, P7-hostility, or G8-uncooperativeness), and no hospitalization or increase in level of care to treat exacerbations. Relapse or impending relapse during the double-blind relapse prevention phase was defined as any of the following: hospitalization due to worsening of schizophrenia, increase (worsening) of the PANSS total score ≥30%, CGI-Improvement score ≥6, patient had suicidal, homicidal, or aggressive behavior, or need for any other antipsychotic medication. Figure 2: Kaplan Meier Estimation of Percent Relapse/Impending Relapse (Study 3) Based on the interim analysis, an independent data monitoring committee decided the study should be discontinued early due to evidence of efficacy. Based on results from the interim analysis, which were confirmed by the final analysis dataset, patients treated with FANAPT experienced a statistically significant longer time to relapse or impending relapse than patients who received placebo. Figure 2 displays the estimated cumulative proportion of patients with relapse or impending relapse based on the final data set. 14.2 Manic or Mixed Episodes Associated with Bipolar I Disorder The efficacy of FANAPT in the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults was supported by one multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that enrolled patients who met the DSM-5 criteria for bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed type (Study 1; NCT04819776). Demographic and baseline characteristics were similar for the FANAPT and placebo groups. Median age was 46 (range 18 to 65). 45% were female, 64% were White, and 28% were Black or African-American. Manic symptoms were assessed with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The YMRS is an 11-item clinician rated scale traditionally used to assess the degree of manic symptomatology. YMRS total scores may range from 0 to 60 with a higher score reflecting greater severity. A 4-week, placebo-controlled trial (n=392) involved one fixed-dose of FANAPT (24 mg/day) compared to placebo. The primary endpoint was change in YMRS total score from baseline to Day 28. The 24 mg/day dose of FANAPT was superior to placebo on the primary endpoint. Examination of subgroups did not reveal clear evidence of differential responsiveness on the basis of age, sex, or race. The results of the study are shown in Table 8 . The LS mean changes from baseline in YMRS total score are shown in Figure 3 . Table 8: Primary Efficacy Results for Change from Baseline in YMRS Total Score in the Acute Treatment of Manic or Mixed Episodes Associated with Bipolar I Disorder in Adults (Study 1) ITT = intent-to-treat,YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale, LS mean = Least Squares mean, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error a Difference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares mean change from baseline * Dose was superior to placebo Study Number Treatment Group (# ITT patients) Primary Efficacy Endpoint: Change from Baseline to Day 28 in YMRS Total Score Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) Placebo-substracted Difference a (95% CI) 1 FANAPT (24 mg/day) * (n=198) 29.2 (5.27) -14.0 (0.64) -4.0 (-5.70, -2.25) Placebo (n=194) 28.8 (4.64) -10.0 (0.63) Figure 3: Change from Baseline in YMRS Total Score by Study Visit (Study 1) Figure 2 Figure 3
Clinical Studies Table
ITT = intent-to-treat,YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale, LS mean = Least Squares mean, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error aDifference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares mean change from baseline *Dose was superior to placebo | ||||
Study Number | Treatment Group (# ITT patients) | Primary Efficacy Endpoint: Change from Baseline to Day 28 in YMRS Total Score | ||
Mean Baseline Score (SD) | LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) | Placebo-substracted Differencea (95% CI) | ||
1 | FANAPT (24 mg/day)* (n=198) | 29.2 (5.27) | -14.0 (0.64) | -4.0 (-5.70, -2.25) |
Placebo (n=194) | 28.8 (4.64) | -10.0 (0.63) |
Geriatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical Studies of FANAPT in the treatment of schizophrenia did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether or not they respond differently than younger adult patients. Of the 3,210 patients with schizophrenia treated with FANAPT in clinical trials, 25 (0.5%) were ≥65 years old and there were no patients ≥75 years old. Of the 206 patients with bipolar mania treated with FANAPT in a clinical trial, 2 (0.1%) were 65 years old and there were no patients were >65 years old. Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with FANAPT are at an increased risk of death compared to placebo. FANAPT is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2) ] .
Pediatric Use
8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of FANAPT have not been established in pediatric patients.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to FANAPT during pregnancy. For more information contact the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics at 1-866-961-2388 or visit http://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/ . Risk Summary Neonates whose mothers are exposed to antipsychotic drugs, including FANAPT, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery [see Clinical Considerations ] . The limited available data with FANAPT in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. Iloperidone was not teratogenic when administered orally to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses up to 26 times the maximum recommended human dose of 24 mg/day on mg/m 2 basis. However, it prolonged the duration of pregnancy and parturition, increased still births, early intrauterine deaths, increased incidence of developmental delays, and decreased post-partum pup survival. Iloperidone was not teratogenic when administered orally to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at doses up to 20-times the MRHD on mg/m 2 basis. However, it increased early intrauterine deaths and decreased fetal viability at term at the highest dose which was also a maternally toxic dose [see Data] . The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms, including agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress and feeding disorder have been reported in neonates whose mothers were exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy. These symptoms have varied in severity. Some neonates recovered within hours or days without specific treatment; others required prolonged hospitalization. Monitor neonates for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms and manage symptoms appropriately. Data Animal Data In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant rats were given 4, 16, or 64 mg/kg/day (1.6, 6.5, and 26 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis) of iloperidone orally during the period of organogenesis. The highest dose caused increased early intrauterine deaths, decreased fetal weight and length, decreased fetal skeletal ossification, and an increased incidence of minor fetal skeletal anomalies and variations; this dose also caused decreased maternal food consumption and weight gain. In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant rabbits were given 4, 10, or 25 mg/kg/day (3, 8, and 20 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) of iloperidone during the period of organogenesis. The highest dose caused increased early intrauterine deaths and decreased fetal viability at term; this dose also caused maternal toxicity. In additional studies in which rats were given iloperidone at doses similar to the above beginning from either pre-conception or from day 17 of gestation and continuing through weaning, adverse reproductive effects included prolonged pregnancy and parturition, increased stillbirth rates, increased incidence of fetal visceral variations, decreased fetal and pup weights, and decreased post-partum pup survival. There were no drug effects on the neurobehavioral or reproductive development of the surviving pups. No-effect doses ranged from 4 to 12 mg/kg except for the increase in stillbirth rates which occurred at the lowest dose tested of 4 mg/kg, which is 1.6 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. Maternal toxicity was seen at the higher doses in these studies. The iloperidone metabolite P95, which is a major circulating metabolite of iloperidone in humans but is not present in significant amounts in rats, was given to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 20, 80, or 200 mg/kg/day. No teratogenic effects were seen. Delayed skeletal ossification occurred at all doses. No significant maternal toxicity was produced. Plasma levels of P95 (AUC) at the highest dose tested were 2 times those in humans receiving the MRHD of iloperidone.
Use In Specific Populations
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: May cause extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms in neonates with third trimester exposure. ( 8.1 ) Lactation: Advise not to breast feed. ( 8.2 ) Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness not established in children and adolescents. ( 8.4 ) Hepatic Impairment: FANAPT is not recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment. ( 2.3 , 8.6 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to FANAPT during pregnancy. For more information contact the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics at 1-866-961-2388 or visit http://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/ . Risk Summary Neonates whose mothers are exposed to antipsychotic drugs, including FANAPT, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery [see Clinical Considerations ] . The limited available data with FANAPT in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. Iloperidone was not teratogenic when administered orally to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses up to 26 times the maximum recommended human dose of 24 mg/day on mg/m 2 basis. However, it prolonged the duration of pregnancy and parturition, increased still births, early intrauterine deaths, increased incidence of developmental delays, and decreased post-partum pup survival. Iloperidone was not teratogenic when administered orally to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at doses up to 20-times the MRHD on mg/m 2 basis. However, it increased early intrauterine deaths and decreased fetal viability at term at the highest dose which was also a maternally toxic dose [see Data] . The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms, including agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress and feeding disorder have been reported in neonates whose mothers were exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy. These symptoms have varied in severity. Some neonates recovered within hours or days without specific treatment; others required prolonged hospitalization. Monitor neonates for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms and manage symptoms appropriately. Data Animal Data In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant rats were given 4, 16, or 64 mg/kg/day (1.6, 6.5, and 26 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 24 mg/day on a mg/m 2 basis) of iloperidone orally during the period of organogenesis. The highest dose caused increased early intrauterine deaths, decreased fetal weight and length, decreased fetal skeletal ossification, and an increased incidence of minor fetal skeletal anomalies and variations; this dose also caused decreased maternal food consumption and weight gain. In an embryo-fetal development study, pregnant rabbits were given 4, 10, or 25 mg/kg/day (3, 8, and 20 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) of iloperidone during the period of organogenesis. The highest dose caused increased early intrauterine deaths and decreased fetal viability at term; this dose also caused maternal toxicity. In additional studies in which rats were given iloperidone at doses similar to the above beginning from either pre-conception or from day 17 of gestation and continuing through weaning, adverse reproductive effects included prolonged pregnancy and parturition, increased stillbirth rates, increased incidence of fetal visceral variations, decreased fetal and pup weights, and decreased post-partum pup survival. There were no drug effects on the neurobehavioral or reproductive development of the surviving pups. No-effect doses ranged from 4 to 12 mg/kg except for the increase in stillbirth rates which occurred at the lowest dose tested of 4 mg/kg, which is 1.6 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. Maternal toxicity was seen at the higher doses in these studies. The iloperidone metabolite P95, which is a major circulating metabolite of iloperidone in humans but is not present in significant amounts in rats, was given to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 20, 80, or 200 mg/kg/day. No teratogenic effects were seen. Delayed skeletal ossification occurred at all doses. No significant maternal toxicity was produced. Plasma levels of P95 (AUC) at the highest dose tested were 2 times those in humans receiving the MRHD of iloperidone. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of iloperidone or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of iloperidone on a breastfed child, nor the effects of iloperidone on human milk production. Iloperidone is present in rat milk [see Data ]. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, advise a woman not to breastfeed during treatment with FANAPT. Data The transfer of radioactivity into the milk of lactating rats was investigated following a single dose of [14C] iloperidone at 5 mg/kg. The concentration of radioactivity in milk at 4 hours post-dose was near 10-fold greater than that in plasma at the same time. However, by 24 hours after dosing, concentrations of radioactivity in milk had fallen to values slightly lower than plasma. The metabolic profile in milk was qualitatively similar to that in plasma. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of FANAPT have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical Studies of FANAPT in the treatment of schizophrenia did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether or not they respond differently than younger adult patients. Of the 3,210 patients with schizophrenia treated with FANAPT in clinical trials, 25 (0.5%) were ≥65 years old and there were no patients ≥75 years old. Of the 206 patients with bipolar mania treated with FANAPT in a clinical trial, 2 (0.1%) were 65 years old and there were no patients were >65 years old. Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with FANAPT are at an increased risk of death compared to placebo. FANAPT is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2) ] . 8.6 Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment to FANAPT is needed in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A). Patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) may require dose reduction. FANAPT is not recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C) [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .
How Supplied
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING FANAPT tablets are white, round and identified with a logo “ ” debossed on one side and tablet strength “1”, “2”, “4”, “6”, “8”, “10”, or “12” debossed on the other side. Tablets are supplied in the following strengths and package configurations: Package Configuration Tablet Strength (mg) NDC Code Bottles of 60 1 mg 43068-101-02 Bottles of 60 2 mg 43068-102-02 Bottles of 60 4 mg 43068-104-02 Bottles of 60 6 mg 43068-106-02 Bottles of 60 8 mg 43068-108-02 Bottles of 60 10 mg 43068-110-02 Bottles of 60 12 mg 43068-112-02 Titration Pack 2x1 mg, 2x2 mg, 2x4 mg, 2x6 mg (Total of 8 tablets) 43068-113-04 Storage Store FANAPT tablets at controlled room temperature, 25℃ (77℉); excursions permitted to 15° to 30 ℃ (59° to 86℉) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect FANAPT tablets from exposure to light and moisture.
How Supplied Table
Package Configuration | Tablet Strength (mg) | NDC Code |
Bottles of 60 | 1 mg | 43068-101-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 2 mg | 43068-102-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 4 mg | 43068-104-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 6 mg | 43068-106-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 8 mg | 43068-108-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 10 mg | 43068-110-02 |
Bottles of 60 | 12 mg | 43068-112-02 |
Titration Pack | 2x1 mg, 2x2 mg, 2x4 mg, 2x6 mg (Total of 8 tablets) | 43068-113-04 |
Boxed Warning
WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. FANAPT is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. FANAPT is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. ( 5.1 )
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