Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: • Serious asthma-related events – hospitalizations, intubations, death [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] • Oropharyngeal candidiasis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Pneumonia in patients with COPD [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Immunosuppression and risk of infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Hypercorticism and adrenal suppression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] • Cardiovascular and central nervous system effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )] • Reduction in bone mineral density [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] • Growth effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] • Glaucoma and cataracts [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥3%) include: upper respiratory tract infection or inflammation, throat irritation, dysphonia, headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Prasco Laboratories at 1-866-525-0688 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adult and Adolescent Subjects Aged 12 Years and Older The incidence of adverse reactions associated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in Table 2 is based upon two 12-week, placebo-controlled, U.S. clinical trials (Trials 1 and 3) and 1 active-controlled 12-week U.S. clinical trial (Trial 2). A total of 1,008 adult and adolescent subjects with asthma (556 females and 452 males) previously treated with albuterol alone, salmeterol, or ICS were treated twice daily with 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol (44- or 110-mcg doses), salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, or placebo HFA inhalation aerosol. The average duration of exposure was 71 to 81 days in the active treatment groups compared with 51 days in the placebo group. Table 2. Adverse Reactions with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with ≥3% Incidence in Adult and Adolescent Subjects with Asthma Adverse Event Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Fluticasone Propionate CFC Inhalation Aerosol Salmeterol CFC Inhalation Aerosol Placebo HFA Inhalation Aerosol 45 mcg/21 mcg (n = 187) % 115 mcg/21 mcg (n = 94) % 44 mcg (n = 186) % 110 mcg (n = 91) % 21 mcg (n = 274) % (n = 176) % Ear, nose, and throat Upper respiratory tract infection 16 24 13 15 17 13 Throat irritation 9 7 12 13 9 7 Upper respiratory inflammation 4 4 3 7 5 3 Hoarseness/dysphonia 3 1 2 0 1 0 Lower respiratory Viral respiratory infection 3 5 4 5 3 4 Neurology Headache 21 15 24 16 20 11 Dizziness 4 1 1 0 <1 0 Gastrointestinal Nausea and vomiting 5 3 4 2 2 3 Viral gastrointestinal infection 4 2 2 0 1 2 Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms 3 2 2 1 1 1 Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal pain 5 7 8 2 4 4 Muscle pain 4 1 1 1 3 <1 The incidence of common adverse reactions reported in Trial 4, a 12-week non-U.S. clinical trial in 509 subjects previously treated with ICS who were treated twice daily with 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, or 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg was similar to the incidences reported in Table 2. Additional Adverse Reactions Other adverse reactions not previously listed, whether considered drug-related or not by the investigators, that occurred in the groups receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with an incidence of 1% to 3% and that occurred at a greater incidence than with placebo include the following: tachycardia, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, postoperative complications, wounds and lacerations, soft tissue injuries, ear signs and symptoms, rhinorrhea/postnasal drip, epistaxis, nasal congestion/blockage, laryngitis, unspecified oropharyngeal plaques, dryness of nose, weight gain, allergic eye disorders, eye edema and swelling, gastrointestinal discomfort and pain, dental discomfort and pain, candidiasis mouth/throat, hyposalivation, gastrointestinal infections, disorders of hard tissue of teeth, abdominal discomfort and pain, oral abnormalities, arthralgia and articular rheumatism, muscle cramps and spasms, musculoskeletal inflammation, bone and skeletal pain, muscle injuries, sleep disorders, migraines, allergies and allergic reactions, viral infections, bacterial infections, candidiasis unspecified site, congestion, inflammation, bacterial reproductive infections, lower respiratory signs and symptoms, lower respiratory infections, lower respiratory hemorrhage, eczema, dermatitis and dermatosis, urinary infections. Laboratory Test Abnormalities In Trial 3, there were more reports of hyperglycemia among adults and adolescents receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, but this was not seen in Trials 1 and 2. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience In addition to adverse reactions reported from clinical trials, the following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of any formulation of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol, fluticasone propionate, and/or salmeterol regardless of indication. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These events have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or causal connection to fluticasone propionate and salmeterol, fluticasone propionate, and/or salmeterol or a combination of these factors. Cardiovascular Arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation, extrasystoles, supraventricular tachycardia), hypertension, ventricular tachycardia. Ear, Nose, and Throat Aphonia, earache, facial and oropharyngeal edema, paranasal sinus pain, rhinitis, throat soreness, tonsillitis. Endocrine and Metabolic Cushing’s syndrome, Cushingoid features, growth velocity reduction in children/adolescents, hypercorticism, osteoporosis. Eye Cataracts, glaucoma. Gastrointestinal Dyspepsia, xerostomia. Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas Abnormal liver function tests. Immune System Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, including rash and rare events of angioedema, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis. Infections and Infestations Esophageal candidiasis. Musculoskeletal Back pain, myositis. Neurology Paresthesia, restlessness. Non-Site Specific Fever, pallor. Psychiatry Agitation, aggression, anxiety, depression. Behavioral changes, including hyperactivity and irritability, have been reported very rarely and primarily in children. Respiratory Asthma; asthma exacerbation; chest congestion; chest tightness; cough; dyspnea; immediate bronchospasm; influenza; paradoxical bronchospasm; tracheitis; wheezing; pneumonia; reports of upper respiratory symptoms of laryngeal spasm, irritation, or swelling such as stridor or choking. Skin Contact dermatitis, contusions, ecchymoses, photodermatitis, pruritus. Urogenital Dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginal candidiasis, vaginitis, vulvovaginitis.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is contraindicated in the following conditions: • Primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma where intensive measures are required [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . • Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 ), Description ( 11 )] . • Primary treatment of status asthmaticus or acute episodes of asthma requiring intensive measures. ( 4 ) • Hypersensitivity to any ingredient. (4)

11 DESCRIPTION Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg inhalation aerosol, Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg inhalation aerosol, and Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg inhalation aerosol are combinations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate. One active component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is fluticasone propionate, a corticosteroid having the chemical name S- (fluoromethyl) 6α,9-difluoro-11β,17-dihydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioate, 17-propionate and the following chemical structure: Fluticasone propionate is a white powder with a molecular weight of 500.6, and the empirical formula is C 25 H 31 F 3 O 5 S. It is practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide, and slightly soluble in methanol and 95% ethanol. The other active component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is salmeterol xinafoate, a beta 2 -adrenergic bronchodilator. Salmeterol xinafoate is the racemic form of the 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid salt of salmeterol. It has the chemical name 4-hydroxy-α 1 -[[[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate and the following chemical structure: Salmeterol xinafoate is a white powder with a molecular weight of 603.8, and the empirical formula is C 25 H 37 NO 4 •C 11 H 8 O 3 . It is freely soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and isopropanol; and sparingly soluble in water. Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is a purple plastic inhaler with a light purple cap containing a pressurized metered-dose aerosol canister fitted with a counter. Each canister contains a microcrystalline suspension of micronized fluticasone propionate and micronized salmeterol xinafoate in propellant HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). It contains no other excipients. After priming, each actuation of the inhaler delivers 50, 125, or 250 mcg of fluticasone propionate and 25 mcg of salmeterol in 75 mg of suspension from the valve. Each actuation delivers 45, 115, or 230 mcg of fluticasone propionate and 21 mcg of salmeterol from the actuator. Twenty-one micrograms (21 mcg) of salmeterol base is equivalent to 30.45 mcg of salmeterol xinafoate. The actual amount of drug delivered to the lung will depend on patient factors, such as the coordination between the actuation of the inhaler and inspiration through the delivery system. Prime Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA before using for the first time by releasing 4 sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray. In cases where the inhaler has not been used for more than 4 weeks or when it has been dropped, prime the inhaler again by releasing 2 sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray. Avoid spraying in eyes. Fluticasone chemical structure Salmeterol chemical structure

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • For oral inhalation only. ( 2.1 ) • Adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years and older: 2 inhalations of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg twice daily. ( 2.2 ) • Starting dosage is based on asthma severity. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Administration Information Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA should be administered by the orally inhaled route only. After inhalation, rinse mouth with water without swallowing to help reduce the risk of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Priming Prime Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA before using for the first time by releasing 4 sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray. In cases where the inhaler has not been used for more than 4 weeks or when it has been dropped, prime the inhaler again by releasing 2 sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray. Avoid spraying in eyes. 2.2 Recommended Dosage Adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years and older: 2 oral inhalations twice daily, approximately 12 hours apart. The maximum recommended dosage is 2 inhalations of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg twice daily. General Dosing Recommendation When choosing the starting dosage strength of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, consider the patients’ disease severity, based on their previous asthma therapy, including the ICS dosage, as well as the patients’ current control of asthma symptoms and risk of future exacerbation. If asthma symptoms arise in the period between doses, an inhaled, short-acting beta 2 -agonist should be used for immediate relief. Improvement in asthma control following inhaled administration of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA can occur within 30 minutes of beginning treatment, although maximum benefit may not be achieved for 1 week or longer after starting treatment. Individual patients will experience a variable time to onset and degree of symptom relief. For patients who do not respond adequately to the starting dosage after 2 weeks of therapy, replacing the current strength of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with a higher strength may provide additional improvement in asthma control. If a previously effective dosage regimen fails to provide adequate improvement in asthma control, the therapeutic regimen should be reevaluated and additional therapeutic options (e.g., replacing the current strength of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with a higher strength, adding additional ICS, initiating oral corticosteroids) should be considered. More frequent administration or a greater number of inhalations (more than 2 inhalations twice daily) of the prescribed strength of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is not recommended as some patients are more likely to experience adverse effects with higher doses of salmeterol. Patients using Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA should not use additional LABA for any reason. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 , 5.12 ).]

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is indicated for treatment of asthma in adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years and older. Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA should be used for patients not adequately controlled on a long-term asthma control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or whose disease warrants initiation of treatment with both an ICS and long-acting beta 2 -adrenergic agonist (LABA). Limitations of Use Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm. Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is a combination of fluticasone propionate, an inhaled corticosteroid, and salmeterol, a long-acting beta 2 ‑adrenergic agonist (LABA), indicated for treatment of asthma in adult and adolescent patients aged 12 years and older. ( 1 ) Limitations of use: Not indicated for relief of acute bronchospasm. ( 1 )

10 OVERDOSAGE No human overdosage data has been reported for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA contains both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol; therefore, the risks associated with overdosage for the individual components described below apply to Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. Treatment of overdosage consists of discontinuation of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA together with institution of appropriate symptomatic and/or supportive therapy. The judicious use of a cardioselective beta-receptor blocker may be considered, bearing in mind that such medication can produce bronchospasm. Cardiac monitoring is recommended in cases of overdosage. Fluticasone Propionate Chronic overdosage of fluticasone propionate may result in signs/symptoms of hypercorticism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] . Salmeterol The expected signs and symptoms with overdosage of salmeterol are those of excessive beta‑adrenergic stimulation and/or occurrence or exaggeration of any of the signs and symptoms of beta-adrenergic stimulation (e.g., seizures, angina, hypertension or hypotension, tachycardia with rates up to 200 beats/min, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, muscle cramps, dry mouth, palpitation, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise, insomnia, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis). Overdosage with salmeterol can lead to clinically significant prolongation of the QTc interval, which can produce ventricular arrhythmias. As with all inhaled sympathomimetic medicines, cardiac arrest and even death may be associated with an overdose of salmeterol.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA has been used concomitantly with other drugs, including short-acting beta 2 -agonists, methylxanthines, and nasal corticosteroids, commonly used in patients with asthma without adverse drug reactions [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] . No formal drug interaction trials have been performed with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. • Strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, ketoconazole): Use not recommended. May increase risk of systemic corticosteroid and cardiovascular effects. ( 7.1 ) • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants: Use with extreme caution. May potentiate effect of salmeterol on vascular system. ( 7.2 ) • Beta-blockers: Use with caution. May block bronchodilatory effects of beta-agonists and produce severe bronchospasm. ( 7.3 ) • Diuretics: Use with caution. Electrocardiographic changes and/or hypokalemia associated with non–potassium-sparing diuretics may worsen with concomitant beta-agonists. ( 7.4 ) 7.1 Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol, the individual components of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, are substrates of CYP3A4. The use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, atazanavir, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, saquinavir, ketoconazole, telithromycin) with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is not recommended because increased systemic corticosteroid and increased cardiovascular adverse effects may occur. Ritonavir Fluticasone Propionate: A drug interaction trial with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in healthy subjects has shown that ritonavir (a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) can significantly increase plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, resulting in significantly reduced serum cortisol concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . During postmarketing use, there have been reports of clinically significant drug interactions in patients receiving fluticasone propionate and ritonavir, resulting in systemic corticosteroid effects including Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal suppression. Ketoconazole Fluticasone Propionate: Coadministration of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,000 mcg) and ketoconazole (200 mg once daily) resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in plasma fluticasone propionate exposure and a 45% decrease in plasma cortisol area under the curve (AUC), but had no effect on urinary excretion of cortisol. Salmeterol: In a drug interaction trial in 20 healthy subjects, coadministration of inhaled salmeterol (50 mcg twice daily) and oral ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) for 7 days resulted in greater systemic exposure to salmeterol (AUC increased 16-fold and C max increased 1.4-fold). Three (3) subjects were withdrawn due to beta 2 -agonist side effects (2 with prolonged QTc and 1 with palpitations and sinus tachycardia). Although there was no statistical effect on the mean QTc, coadministration of salmeterol and ketoconazole was associated with more frequent increases in QTc duration compared with salmeterol and placebo administration. 7.2 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, because the action of salmeterol, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, on the vascular system may be potentiated by these agents. 7.3 Beta-adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents Beta-blockers not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as salmeterol, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, but may also produce severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma. Therefore, patients with asthma should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents for these patients; cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution. 7.4 Non–Potassium-Sparing Diuretics The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of non–potassium-sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, such as salmeterol, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded. Although the clinical significance of these effects is not known, caution is advised in the coadministration of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with non–potassium-sparing diuretics.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA contains both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol. The mechanisms of action described below for the individual components apply to Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. These drugs represent 2 different classes of medications (a synthetic corticosteroid and a LABA) that have different effects on clinical, physiologic, and inflammatory indices of asthma. Fluticasone Propionate Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory activity. Fluticasone propionate has been shown in vitro to exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor that is 18 times that of dexamethasone, almost twice that of beclomethasone-17-monopropionate (BMP), the active metabolite of beclomethasone dipropionate, and over 3 times that of budesonide. Data from the McKenzie vasoconstrictor assay in man are consistent with these results. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of actions on multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) involved in inflammation. These anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids contribute to their efficacy in asthma. Salmeterol Xinafoate Salmeterol is a selective LABA. In vitro studies show salmeterol to be at least 50 times more selective for beta 2 ‑adrenoceptors than albuterol. Although beta 2 -adrenoceptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta 1 -adrenoceptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta 2 -adrenoceptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but their presence raises the possibility that even selective beta 2 -agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. In vitro tests show that salmeterol is a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators, such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D 2 , from human lung. Salmeterol inhibits histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation and inhibits platelet-activating factor–induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs of guinea pigs when administered by the inhaled route. In humans, single doses of salmeterol administered via inhalation aerosol attenuate allergen-induced bronchial hyper-responsiveness. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Healthy Subjects: Cardiovascular Effects: Since systemic pharmacodynamic effects of salmeterol are not normally seen at the therapeutic dose, higher doses were used to produce measurable effects. Four (4) placebo-controlled crossover trials were conducted with healthy subjects: (1) a cumulative-dose trial using 42 to 336 mcg of salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol given alone or as fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, (2) a single-dose trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, (3) a single-dose trial using 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, and (4) a single-dose trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg; 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg; 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg; or 1,010 mcg of fluticasone propionate given intravenously. In these trials pulse rate, blood pressure, QTc interval, glucose, and/or potassium were measured. Comparable or lower effects were observed for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with ADVAIR DISKUS or salmeterol alone. The effect of salmeterol on pulse rate and potassium was not altered by the presence of different amounts of fluticasone propionate in fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: The potential effect of salmeterol on the effects of fluticasone propionate on the HPA axis was also evaluated in 3 of these trials. Compared with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA had less effect on 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion and less or comparable effect on 24-hour serum cortisol. In these crossover trials in healthy subjects, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS had similar effects on urinary and serum cortisol. Subjects with Asthma: Cardiovascular Effects: In clinical trials with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in adult and adolescent subjects aged 12 years and older with asthma, systemic pharmacodynamic effects of salmeterol (pulse rate, blood pressure, QTc interval, potassium, and glucose) were similar to or slightly lower in patients treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with patients treated with salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg. In 61 adult and adolescent subjects with asthma given fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (45 mcg/21 mcg or 115 mcg/21 mcg), continuous 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring was performed after the first dose and after 12 weeks of twice-daily therapy, and no clinically significant dysrhythmias were noted. The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. There were no notable changes from baseline for QTc, heart rate, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: A 4-way crossover trial in 13 subjects with asthma compared pharmacodynamics at steady state following 4 weeks of twice-daily treatment with 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg, 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate HFA inhalation aerosol 110 mcg, and placebo. No significant differences in serum cortisol AUC were observed between active treatments and placebo. Mean 12-hour serum cortisol AUC ratios comparing active treatment with placebo ranged from 0.9 to 1.2. No statistically or clinically significant increases in heart rate or QTc interval were observed for any active treatment compared with placebo. In a 12-week trial in adult and adolescent subjects with asthma, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg was compared with the individual components, fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 110 mcg and salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, and placebo [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . All treatments were administered as 2 inhalations twice daily. After 12 weeks of treatment with these therapeutic doses, the geometric mean ratio of urinary cortisol excretion compared with baseline was 0.9 for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and fluticasone propionate and 1.0 for placebo and salmeterol. In addition, the ability to increase cortisol production in response to stress, as assessed by 30-minute cosyntropin stimulation in 23 to 32 subjects per treatment group, remained intact for the majority of subjects and was similar across treatments. Three (3) subjects who received fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg had an abnormal response (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL) after dosing, compared with 1 subject who received placebo, 2 subjects who received fluticasone propionate 110 mcg, and 1 subject who received salmeterol. In another 12-week trial in adult and adolescent subjects with asthma, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily) was compared with ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) and fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The geometric mean ratio of 24‑hour urinary cortisol excretion at week 12 compared with baseline was 0.9 for all 3 treatment groups. The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) on serum cortisol was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. There were reductions in serum cortisol from baseline in all treatment groups (14%, 22%, and 13% for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively). Other Fluticasone Propionate Products Subjects with Asthma: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: In clinical trials with fluticasone propionate inhalation powder using dosages up to and including 250 mcg twice daily, occasional abnormal short cosyntropin tests (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL assessed by radioimmunoassay) were noted both in subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and in subjects receiving placebo. The incidence of abnormal tests at 500 mcg twice daily was greater than placebo. In a 2-year trial carried out with the DISKHALER inhalation device in 64 subjects with mild, persistent asthma (mean FEV 1 91% of predicted) randomized to fluticasone propionate 500 mcg twice daily or placebo, no subject receiving fluticasone propionate had an abnormal response to 6-hour cosyntropin infusion (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL). With a peak cortisol threshold of <35 mcg/dL, 1 subject receiving fluticasone propionate (4%) had an abnormal response at 1 year; repeat testing at 18 months and 2 years was normal. Another subject receiving fluticasone propionate (5%) had an abnormal response at 2 years. No subject on placebo had an abnormal response at 1 or 2 years. Other Salmeterol Xinafoate Products Subjects with Asthma: Cardiovascular Effects: Inhaled salmeterol, like other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, can produce dose-related cardiovascular effects and effects on blood glucose and/or serum potassium [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 , 5.18 )] . The cardiovascular effects (heart rate, blood pressure) associated with salmeterol inhalation aerosol occur with similar frequency, and are of similar type and severity, as those noted following albuterol administration. The effects of rising inhaled doses of salmeterol and standard inhaled doses of albuterol were studied in volunteers and in subjects with asthma. Salmeterol doses up to 84 mcg administered as inhalation aerosol resulted in heart rate increases of 3 to 16 beats/min, about the same as albuterol dosed at 180 mcg by inhalation aerosol (4 to 10 beats/min). In 2 double‑blind asthma trials, subjects receiving either 42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily (n = 81) or 180 mcg of albuterol inhalation aerosol 4 times daily (n = 80) underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during four 24-hour periods; no clinically significant dysrhythmias were noted. Concomitant Use of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with Other Respiratory Medicines Short-acting Beta 2 -agonists: In three 12-week U.S. clinical trials, the mean daily need for additional beta 2 -agonist use in 277 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA was approximately 1.2 inhalations/day and ranged from 0 to 9 inhalations/day. Two percent (2%) of subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in these trials averaged 6 or more inhalations per day over the course of the 12-week trials. No increase in frequency of cardiovascular adverse events was observed among subjects who averaged 6 or more inhalations per day. Methylxanthines: The concurrent use of intravenously or orally administered methylxanthines (e.g., aminophylline, theophylline) by subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA has not been completely evaluated. In five 12-week clinical trials (3 U.S. and 2 non-U.S.), 45 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg twice daily concurrently with a theophylline product had adverse event rates similar to those in 577 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA without theophylline. Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray: In subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in three 12-week U.S. clinical trials, no difference in the profile of adverse events or HPA axis effects was noted between subjects receiving FLONASE (fluticasone propionate) Nasal Spray, 50 mcg concurrently (n = 89) and those who were not (n = 192). 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Fluticasone Propionate: Healthy Subjects: Fluticasone propionate acts locally in the lung; therefore, plasma levels do not predict therapeutic effect. Trials using oral dosing of labeled and unlabeled drug have demonstrated that the oral systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate is negligible (<1%), primarily due to incomplete absorption and presystemic metabolism in the gut and liver. In contrast, the majority of the fluticasone propionate delivered to the lung is systemically absorbed. Three (3) single-dose, placebo-controlled, crossover trials were conducted in healthy subjects: (1) a trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, (2) a trial using 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, and (3) a trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg; 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg; 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg; or 1,010 mcg of fluticasone propionate given intravenously. Peak plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate were achieved in 0.33 to 1.5 hours and those of salmeterol were achieved in 5 to 10 minutes. Peak plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate (N = 20 subjects) following 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg averaged 41, 108, and 173 pg/mL, respectively. Systemic exposure (N = 20 subjects) from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg was 53% of the value from the individual inhaler for fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol and 42% of the value from the individual inhaler for salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol. Peak plasma concentrations from fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA for fluticasone propionate (86 versus 120 pg/mL) and salmeterol (170 versus 510 pg/mL) were significantly lower compared with individual inhalers. In 15 healthy subjects, systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (920/84 mcg) and 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1,000/100 mcg) was similar between the 2 inhalers (i.e., 799 versus 832 pg•h/mL, respectively), but approximately half the systemic exposure from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg (880 mcg, AUC = 1,543 pg•h/mL). Similar results were observed for peak fluticasone propionate plasma concentrations (186 and 182 pg/mL from fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively, and 307 pg/mL from the fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol). Absolute bioavailability of fluticasone propionate was 5.3% and 5.5% following administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively. Subjects with Asthma: A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 13 adult subjects with asthma to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol following administration of 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg twice daily or 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg twice daily for 4 weeks. Systemic exposure (AUC) to fluticasone propionate was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (274 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 150, 502]) and ADVAIR DISKUS (338 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 197, 581]). The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in a trial of 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate was similar with ADVAIR DISKUS and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with a spacer (138 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 69, 273] and 107 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 46, 252], respectively) and lower with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA without a spacer (24 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 10, 60]). Salmeterol Xinafoate: Healthy Subjects: Salmeterol xinafoate, an ionic salt, dissociates in solution so that the salmeterol and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (xinafoate) moieties are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated independently. Salmeterol acts locally in the lung; therefore, plasma levels do not predict therapeutic effect. Peak plasma concentrations of salmeterol (N = 20 subjects) following 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg ranged from 220 to 470 pg/mL. In 15 healthy subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (920/84 mcg) and ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1,000/100 mcg), systemic exposure to salmeterol was higher (317 versus 169 pg•h/mL) and peak salmeterol concentrations were lower (196 versus 223 pg/mL) following fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with ADVAIR DISKUS, although pharmacodynamic results were comparable. Subjects with Asthma: Because of the small therapeutic dose, systemic levels of salmeterol are low or undetectable after inhalation of recommended dosages (42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily). Following chronic administration of an inhaled dose of 42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily, salmeterol was detected in plasma within 5 to 10 minutes in 6 subjects with asthma; plasma concentrations were very low, with mean peak concentrations of 150 pg/mL at 20 minutes and no accumulation with repeated doses. A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 13 adult subjects with asthma to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol following administration of 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg twice daily or 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg twice daily for 4 weeks. Systemic exposure to salmeterol was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (53 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 17, 164]) and ADVAIR DISKUS (70 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 19, 254]). The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to salmeterol was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS (126 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 70, 225], 103 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 54, 200], and 110 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 55, 219], respectively). Distribution Fluticasone Propionate: Following intravenous administration, the initial disposition phase for fluticasone propionate was rapid and consistent with its high lipid solubility and tissue binding. The volume of distribution averaged 4.2 L/kg. The percentage of fluticasone propionate bound to human plasma proteins averages 99%. Fluticasone propionate is weakly and reversibly bound to erythrocytes and is not significantly bound to human transcortin. Salmeterol: The percentage of salmeterol bound to human plasma proteins averages 96% in vitro over the concentration range of 8 to 7,722 ng of salmeterol base per milliliter, much higher concentrations than those achieved following therapeutic doses of salmeterol. Elimination Fluticasone Propionate: Following intravenous dosing, fluticasone propionate showed polyexponential kinetics and had a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 7.8 hours. The total clearance of fluticasone propionate is high (average, 1,093 mL/min), with renal clearance accounting for <0.02% of the total. Less than 5% of a radiolabeled oral dose was excreted in the urine as metabolites, with the remainder excreted in the feces as parent drug and metabolites. Terminal half-life estimates of fluticasone propionate for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, ADVAIR DISKUS, and fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol were similar and averaged 5.6 hours. Salmeterol: In 2 healthy adult subjects who received 1 mg of radiolabeled salmeterol (as salmeterol xinafoate) orally, approximately 25% and 60% of the radiolabeled salmeterol was eliminated in urine and feces, respectively, over a period of 7 days. The terminal elimination half-life was about 5.5 hours (1 volunteer only). The xinafoate moiety has no apparent pharmacologic activity. The xinafoate moiety is highly protein bound (>99%) and has a long elimination half-life of 11 days. No terminal half-life estimates were calculated for salmeterol following administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. Metabolism: Fluticasone Propionate: The only circulating metabolite detected in man is the 17β-carboxylic acid derivative of fluticasone propionate, which is formed through the CYP3A4 pathway. This metabolite had less affinity (approximately 1/2,000) than the parent drug for the glucocorticoid receptor of human lung cytosol in vitro and negligible pharmacological activity in animal studies. Other metabolites detected in vitro using cultured human hepatoma cells have not been detected in man. Salmeterol: Salmeterol base is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation, with subsequent elimination predominantly in the feces. No significant amount of unchanged salmeterol base was detected in either urine or feces. An in vitro study using human liver microsomes showed that salmeterol is extensively metabolized to α-hydroxysalmeterol (aliphatic oxidation) by CYP3A4. Ketoconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, essentially completely inhibited the formation of α-hydroxysalmeterol in vitro. Specific Populations A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol utilizing data from 9 controlled clinical trials that included 350 subjects with asthma aged 4 to 77 years who received treatment with ADVAIR DISKUS, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate inhalation powder (FLOVENT DISKUS), HFA-propelled fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol (FLOVENT HFA), or CFC-propelled fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol. The population pharmacokinetic analyses for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol showed no clinically relevant effects of age, gender, race, body weight, body mass index, or percent of predicted FEV 1 on apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution. Patients with Hepatic and Renal Impairment: Formal pharmacokinetic studies using fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have not been conducted in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. However, since both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol are predominantly cleared by hepatic metabolism, impairment of liver function may lead to accumulation of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in plasma. Therefore, patients with hepatic disease should be closely monitored. Drug Interaction Studies In the repeat- and single-dose trials, there was no evidence of significant drug interaction in systemic exposure between fluticasone propionate and salmeterol when given alone or in combination via the DISKUS. Similar definitive studies have not been performed with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. The population pharmacokinetic analysis from 9 controlled clinical trials in 350 subjects with asthma showed no significant effects on fluticasone propionate or salmeterol pharmacokinetics following co-administration with beta 2 -agonists, corticosteroids, antihistamines, or theophyllines. Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4: Ritonavir: Fluticasone Propionate: Fluticasone propionate is a substrate of CYP3A4. Coadministration of fluticasone propionate and the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir is not recommended based upon a multiple-dose, crossover drug interaction trial in 18 healthy subjects. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (200 mcg once daily) was coadministered for 7 days with ritonavir (100 mg twice daily). Plasma fluticasone propionate concentrations following fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray alone were undetectable (<10 pg/mL) in most subjects, and when concentrations were detectable peak levels (C max ) averaged 11.9 pg/mL (range: 10.8 to 14.1 pg/mL) and AUC (0-τ) averaged 8.43 pg•h/mL (range: 4.2 to 18.8 pg•h/mL). Fluticasone propionate C max and AUC (0-τ) increased to 318 pg/mL (range: 110 to 648 pg/mL) and 3,102.6 pg•h/mL (range: 1,207.1 to 5,662.0 pg•h/mL), respectively, after coadministration of ritonavir with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. This significant increase in plasma fluticasone propionate exposure resulted in a significant decrease (86%) in serum cortisol AUC. Ketoconazole: Fluticasone Propionate: In a placebo-controlled crossover trial in 8 healthy adult volunteers, coadministration of a single dose of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,000 mcg) with multiple doses of ketoconazole (200 mg) to steady state resulted in increased plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, a reduction in plasma cortisol AUC, and no effect on urinary excretion of cortisol. Salmeterol: In a placebo-controlled, crossover drug interaction trial in 20 healthy male and female subjects, coadministration of salmeterol (50 mcg twice daily) and the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in plasma salmeterol exposure as determined by a 16-fold increase in AUC (ratio with and without ketoconazole 15.76 [90% CI: 10.66, 23.31]) mainly due to increased bioavailability of the swallowed portion of the dose. Peak plasma salmeterol concentrations were increased by 1.4-fold (90% CI: 1.23, 1.68). Three (3) out of 20 subjects (15%) were withdrawn from salmeterol and ketoconazole coadministration due to beta-agonist–mediated systemic effects (2 with QTc prolongation and 1 with palpitations and sinus tachycardia). Coadministration of salmeterol and ketoconazole did not result in a clinically significant effect on mean heart rate, mean blood potassium, or mean blood glucose. Although there was no statistical effect on the mean QTc, coadministration of salmeterol and ketoconazole was associated with more frequent increases in QTc duration compared with salmeterol and placebo administration. Erythromycin: Fluticasone Propionate: In a multiple-dose drug interaction trial, coadministration of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (500 mcg twice daily) and erythromycin (333 mg 3 times daily) did not affect fluticasone propionate pharmacokinetics. Salmeterol: In a repeat-dose trial in 13 healthy subjects, concomitant administration of erythromycin (a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor) and salmeterol inhalation aerosol resulted in a 40% increase in salmeterol C max at steady state (ratio with and without erythromycin 1.4 [90% CI: 0.96, 2.03], P = 0.12), a 3.6-beat/min increase in heart rate ([95% CI: 0.19, 7.03], P <0.04), a 5.8-msec increase in QTc interval ([95% CI: -6.14, 17.77], P = 0.34), and no change in plasma potassium.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA contains both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol. The mechanisms of action described below for the individual components apply to Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. These drugs represent 2 different classes of medications (a synthetic corticosteroid and a LABA) that have different effects on clinical, physiologic, and inflammatory indices of asthma. Fluticasone Propionate Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic trifluorinated corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory activity. Fluticasone propionate has been shown in vitro to exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor that is 18 times that of dexamethasone, almost twice that of beclomethasone-17-monopropionate (BMP), the active metabolite of beclomethasone dipropionate, and over 3 times that of budesonide. Data from the McKenzie vasoconstrictor assay in man are consistent with these results. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Inflammation is an important component in the pathogenesis of asthma. Corticosteroids have been shown to have a wide range of actions on multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and mediators (e.g., histamine, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, cytokines) involved in inflammation. These anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids contribute to their efficacy in asthma. Salmeterol Xinafoate Salmeterol is a selective LABA. In vitro studies show salmeterol to be at least 50 times more selective for beta 2 ‑adrenoceptors than albuterol. Although beta 2 -adrenoceptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta 1 -adrenoceptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta 2 -adrenoceptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but their presence raises the possibility that even selective beta 2 -agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including salmeterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. In vitro tests show that salmeterol is a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators, such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D 2 , from human lung. Salmeterol inhibits histamine-induced plasma protein extravasation and inhibits platelet-activating factor–induced eosinophil accumulation in the lungs of guinea pigs when administered by the inhaled route. In humans, single doses of salmeterol administered via inhalation aerosol attenuate allergen-induced bronchial hyper-responsiveness.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Healthy Subjects: Cardiovascular Effects: Since systemic pharmacodynamic effects of salmeterol are not normally seen at the therapeutic dose, higher doses were used to produce measurable effects. Four (4) placebo-controlled crossover trials were conducted with healthy subjects: (1) a cumulative-dose trial using 42 to 336 mcg of salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol given alone or as fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, (2) a single-dose trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, (3) a single-dose trial using 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, and (4) a single-dose trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg; 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg; 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg; or 1,010 mcg of fluticasone propionate given intravenously. In these trials pulse rate, blood pressure, QTc interval, glucose, and/or potassium were measured. Comparable or lower effects were observed for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with ADVAIR DISKUS or salmeterol alone. The effect of salmeterol on pulse rate and potassium was not altered by the presence of different amounts of fluticasone propionate in fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: The potential effect of salmeterol on the effects of fluticasone propionate on the HPA axis was also evaluated in 3 of these trials. Compared with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA had less effect on 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion and less or comparable effect on 24-hour serum cortisol. In these crossover trials in healthy subjects, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS had similar effects on urinary and serum cortisol. Subjects with Asthma: Cardiovascular Effects: In clinical trials with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in adult and adolescent subjects aged 12 years and older with asthma, systemic pharmacodynamic effects of salmeterol (pulse rate, blood pressure, QTc interval, potassium, and glucose) were similar to or slightly lower in patients treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with patients treated with salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg. In 61 adult and adolescent subjects with asthma given fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (45 mcg/21 mcg or 115 mcg/21 mcg), continuous 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring was performed after the first dose and after 12 weeks of twice-daily therapy, and no clinically significant dysrhythmias were noted. The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. There were no notable changes from baseline for QTc, heart rate, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: A 4-way crossover trial in 13 subjects with asthma compared pharmacodynamics at steady state following 4 weeks of twice-daily treatment with 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg, 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate HFA inhalation aerosol 110 mcg, and placebo. No significant differences in serum cortisol AUC were observed between active treatments and placebo. Mean 12-hour serum cortisol AUC ratios comparing active treatment with placebo ranged from 0.9 to 1.2. No statistically or clinically significant increases in heart rate or QTc interval were observed for any active treatment compared with placebo. In a 12-week trial in adult and adolescent subjects with asthma, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg was compared with the individual components, fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 110 mcg and salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, and placebo [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . All treatments were administered as 2 inhalations twice daily. After 12 weeks of treatment with these therapeutic doses, the geometric mean ratio of urinary cortisol excretion compared with baseline was 0.9 for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and fluticasone propionate and 1.0 for placebo and salmeterol. In addition, the ability to increase cortisol production in response to stress, as assessed by 30-minute cosyntropin stimulation in 23 to 32 subjects per treatment group, remained intact for the majority of subjects and was similar across treatments. Three (3) subjects who received fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg had an abnormal response (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL) after dosing, compared with 1 subject who received placebo, 2 subjects who received fluticasone propionate 110 mcg, and 1 subject who received salmeterol. In another 12-week trial in adult and adolescent subjects with asthma, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily) was compared with ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) and fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The geometric mean ratio of 24‑hour urinary cortisol excretion at week 12 compared with baseline was 0.9 for all 3 treatment groups. The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) on serum cortisol was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. There were reductions in serum cortisol from baseline in all treatment groups (14%, 22%, and 13% for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively). Other Fluticasone Propionate Products Subjects with Asthma: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Effects: In clinical trials with fluticasone propionate inhalation powder using dosages up to and including 250 mcg twice daily, occasional abnormal short cosyntropin tests (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL assessed by radioimmunoassay) were noted both in subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and in subjects receiving placebo. The incidence of abnormal tests at 500 mcg twice daily was greater than placebo. In a 2-year trial carried out with the DISKHALER inhalation device in 64 subjects with mild, persistent asthma (mean FEV 1 91% of predicted) randomized to fluticasone propionate 500 mcg twice daily or placebo, no subject receiving fluticasone propionate had an abnormal response to 6-hour cosyntropin infusion (peak serum cortisol <18 mcg/dL). With a peak cortisol threshold of <35 mcg/dL, 1 subject receiving fluticasone propionate (4%) had an abnormal response at 1 year; repeat testing at 18 months and 2 years was normal. Another subject receiving fluticasone propionate (5%) had an abnormal response at 2 years. No subject on placebo had an abnormal response at 1 or 2 years. Other Salmeterol Xinafoate Products Subjects with Asthma: Cardiovascular Effects: Inhaled salmeterol, like other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, can produce dose-related cardiovascular effects and effects on blood glucose and/or serum potassium [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 , 5.18 )] . The cardiovascular effects (heart rate, blood pressure) associated with salmeterol inhalation aerosol occur with similar frequency, and are of similar type and severity, as those noted following albuterol administration. The effects of rising inhaled doses of salmeterol and standard inhaled doses of albuterol were studied in volunteers and in subjects with asthma. Salmeterol doses up to 84 mcg administered as inhalation aerosol resulted in heart rate increases of 3 to 16 beats/min, about the same as albuterol dosed at 180 mcg by inhalation aerosol (4 to 10 beats/min). In 2 double‑blind asthma trials, subjects receiving either 42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily (n = 81) or 180 mcg of albuterol inhalation aerosol 4 times daily (n = 80) underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during four 24-hour periods; no clinically significant dysrhythmias were noted. Concomitant Use of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with Other Respiratory Medicines Short-acting Beta 2 -agonists: In three 12-week U.S. clinical trials, the mean daily need for additional beta 2 -agonist use in 277 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA was approximately 1.2 inhalations/day and ranged from 0 to 9 inhalations/day. Two percent (2%) of subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in these trials averaged 6 or more inhalations per day over the course of the 12-week trials. No increase in frequency of cardiovascular adverse events was observed among subjects who averaged 6 or more inhalations per day. Methylxanthines: The concurrent use of intravenously or orally administered methylxanthines (e.g., aminophylline, theophylline) by subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA has not been completely evaluated. In five 12-week clinical trials (3 U.S. and 2 non-U.S.), 45 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg twice daily concurrently with a theophylline product had adverse event rates similar to those in 577 subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA without theophylline. Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray: In subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in three 12-week U.S. clinical trials, no difference in the profile of adverse events or HPA axis effects was noted between subjects receiving FLONASE (fluticasone propionate) Nasal Spray, 50 mcg concurrently (n = 89) and those who were not (n = 192).

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Fluticasone Propionate: Healthy Subjects: Fluticasone propionate acts locally in the lung; therefore, plasma levels do not predict therapeutic effect. Trials using oral dosing of labeled and unlabeled drug have demonstrated that the oral systemic bioavailability of fluticasone propionate is negligible (<1%), primarily due to incomplete absorption and presystemic metabolism in the gut and liver. In contrast, the majority of the fluticasone propionate delivered to the lung is systemically absorbed. Three (3) single-dose, placebo-controlled, crossover trials were conducted in healthy subjects: (1) a trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, (2) a trial using 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, and (3) a trial using 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg; 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg; 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg; or 1,010 mcg of fluticasone propionate given intravenously. Peak plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate were achieved in 0.33 to 1.5 hours and those of salmeterol were achieved in 5 to 10 minutes. Peak plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate (N = 20 subjects) following 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg averaged 41, 108, and 173 pg/mL, respectively. Systemic exposure (N = 20 subjects) from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg was 53% of the value from the individual inhaler for fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol and 42% of the value from the individual inhaler for salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol. Peak plasma concentrations from fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA for fluticasone propionate (86 versus 120 pg/mL) and salmeterol (170 versus 510 pg/mL) were significantly lower compared with individual inhalers. In 15 healthy subjects, systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (920/84 mcg) and 2 inhalations of ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1,000/100 mcg) was similar between the 2 inhalers (i.e., 799 versus 832 pg•h/mL, respectively), but approximately half the systemic exposure from 4 inhalations of fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg (880 mcg, AUC = 1,543 pg•h/mL). Similar results were observed for peak fluticasone propionate plasma concentrations (186 and 182 pg/mL from fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively, and 307 pg/mL from the fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol). Absolute bioavailability of fluticasone propionate was 5.3% and 5.5% following administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively. Subjects with Asthma: A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 13 adult subjects with asthma to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol following administration of 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg twice daily or 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg twice daily for 4 weeks. Systemic exposure (AUC) to fluticasone propionate was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (274 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 150, 502]) and ADVAIR DISKUS (338 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 197, 581]). The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in a trial of 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate was similar with ADVAIR DISKUS and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with a spacer (138 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 69, 273] and 107 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 46, 252], respectively) and lower with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA without a spacer (24 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 10, 60]). Salmeterol Xinafoate: Healthy Subjects: Salmeterol xinafoate, an ionic salt, dissociates in solution so that the salmeterol and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (xinafoate) moieties are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated independently. Salmeterol acts locally in the lung; therefore, plasma levels do not predict therapeutic effect. Peak plasma concentrations of salmeterol (N = 20 subjects) following 8 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg ranged from 220 to 470 pg/mL. In 15 healthy subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg (920/84 mcg) and ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg (1,000/100 mcg), systemic exposure to salmeterol was higher (317 versus 169 pg•h/mL) and peak salmeterol concentrations were lower (196 versus 223 pg/mL) following fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with ADVAIR DISKUS, although pharmacodynamic results were comparable. Subjects with Asthma: Because of the small therapeutic dose, systemic levels of salmeterol are low or undetectable after inhalation of recommended dosages (42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily). Following chronic administration of an inhaled dose of 42 mcg of salmeterol inhalation aerosol twice daily, salmeterol was detected in plasma within 5 to 10 minutes in 6 subjects with asthma; plasma concentrations were very low, with mean peak concentrations of 150 pg/mL at 20 minutes and no accumulation with repeated doses. A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 13 adult subjects with asthma to evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol following administration of 2 inhalations of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg twice daily or 1 inhalation of ADVAIR DISKUS 250 mcg/50 mcg twice daily for 4 weeks. Systemic exposure to salmeterol was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA (53 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 17, 164]) and ADVAIR DISKUS (70 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 19, 254]). The effect of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to salmeterol was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS (126 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 70, 225], 103 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 54, 200], and 110 pg•h/mL [95% CI: 55, 219], respectively). Distribution Fluticasone Propionate: Following intravenous administration, the initial disposition phase for fluticasone propionate was rapid and consistent with its high lipid solubility and tissue binding. The volume of distribution averaged 4.2 L/kg. The percentage of fluticasone propionate bound to human plasma proteins averages 99%. Fluticasone propionate is weakly and reversibly bound to erythrocytes and is not significantly bound to human transcortin. Salmeterol: The percentage of salmeterol bound to human plasma proteins averages 96% in vitro over the concentration range of 8 to 7,722 ng of salmeterol base per milliliter, much higher concentrations than those achieved following therapeutic doses of salmeterol. Elimination Fluticasone Propionate: Following intravenous dosing, fluticasone propionate showed polyexponential kinetics and had a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 7.8 hours. The total clearance of fluticasone propionate is high (average, 1,093 mL/min), with renal clearance accounting for <0.02% of the total. Less than 5% of a radiolabeled oral dose was excreted in the urine as metabolites, with the remainder excreted in the feces as parent drug and metabolites. Terminal half-life estimates of fluticasone propionate for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, ADVAIR DISKUS, and fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol were similar and averaged 5.6 hours. Salmeterol: In 2 healthy adult subjects who received 1 mg of radiolabeled salmeterol (as salmeterol xinafoate) orally, approximately 25% and 60% of the radiolabeled salmeterol was eliminated in urine and feces, respectively, over a period of 7 days. The terminal elimination half-life was about 5.5 hours (1 volunteer only). The xinafoate moiety has no apparent pharmacologic activity. The xinafoate moiety is highly protein bound (>99%) and has a long elimination half-life of 11 days. No terminal half-life estimates were calculated for salmeterol following administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. Metabolism: Fluticasone Propionate: The only circulating metabolite detected in man is the 17β-carboxylic acid derivative of fluticasone propionate, which is formed through the CYP3A4 pathway. This metabolite had less affinity (approximately 1/2,000) than the parent drug for the glucocorticoid receptor of human lung cytosol in vitro and negligible pharmacological activity in animal studies. Other metabolites detected in vitro using cultured human hepatoma cells have not been detected in man. Salmeterol: Salmeterol base is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation, with subsequent elimination predominantly in the feces. No significant amount of unchanged salmeterol base was detected in either urine or feces. An in vitro study using human liver microsomes showed that salmeterol is extensively metabolized to α-hydroxysalmeterol (aliphatic oxidation) by CYP3A4. Ketoconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, essentially completely inhibited the formation of α-hydroxysalmeterol in vitro. Specific Populations A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol utilizing data from 9 controlled clinical trials that included 350 subjects with asthma aged 4 to 77 years who received treatment with ADVAIR DISKUS, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate inhalation powder (FLOVENT DISKUS), HFA-propelled fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol (FLOVENT HFA), or CFC-propelled fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol. The population pharmacokinetic analyses for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol showed no clinically relevant effects of age, gender, race, body weight, body mass index, or percent of predicted FEV 1 on apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution. Patients with Hepatic and Renal Impairment: Formal pharmacokinetic studies using fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have not been conducted in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. However, since both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol are predominantly cleared by hepatic metabolism, impairment of liver function may lead to accumulation of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in plasma. Therefore, patients with hepatic disease should be closely monitored. Drug Interaction Studies In the repeat- and single-dose trials, there was no evidence of significant drug interaction in systemic exposure between fluticasone propionate and salmeterol when given alone or in combination via the DISKUS. Similar definitive studies have not been performed with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA. The population pharmacokinetic analysis from 9 controlled clinical trials in 350 subjects with asthma showed no significant effects on fluticasone propionate or salmeterol pharmacokinetics following co-administration with beta 2 -agonists, corticosteroids, antihistamines, or theophyllines. Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 3A4: Ritonavir: Fluticasone Propionate: Fluticasone propionate is a substrate of CYP3A4. Coadministration of fluticasone propionate and the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir is not recommended based upon a multiple-dose, crossover drug interaction trial in 18 healthy subjects. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (200 mcg once daily) was coadministered for 7 days with ritonavir (100 mg twice daily). Plasma fluticasone propionate concentrations following fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray alone were undetectable (<10 pg/mL) in most subjects, and when concentrations were detectable peak levels (C max ) averaged 11.9 pg/mL (range: 10.8 to 14.1 pg/mL) and AUC (0-τ) averaged 8.43 pg•h/mL (range: 4.2 to 18.8 pg•h/mL). Fluticasone propionate C max and AUC (0-τ) increased to 318 pg/mL (range: 110 to 648 pg/mL) and 3,102.6 pg•h/mL (range: 1,207.1 to 5,662.0 pg•h/mL), respectively, after coadministration of ritonavir with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray. This significant increase in plasma fluticasone propionate exposure resulted in a significant decrease (86%) in serum cortisol AUC. Ketoconazole: Fluticasone Propionate: In a placebo-controlled crossover trial in 8 healthy adult volunteers, coadministration of a single dose of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (1,000 mcg) with multiple doses of ketoconazole (200 mg) to steady state resulted in increased plasma fluticasone propionate exposure, a reduction in plasma cortisol AUC, and no effect on urinary excretion of cortisol. Salmeterol: In a placebo-controlled, crossover drug interaction trial in 20 healthy male and female subjects, coadministration of salmeterol (50 mcg twice daily) and the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole (400 mg once daily) for 7 days resulted in a significant increase in plasma salmeterol exposure as determined by a 16-fold increase in AUC (ratio with and without ketoconazole 15.76 [90% CI: 10.66, 23.31]) mainly due to increased bioavailability of the swallowed portion of the dose. Peak plasma salmeterol concentrations were increased by 1.4-fold (90% CI: 1.23, 1.68). Three (3) out of 20 subjects (15%) were withdrawn from salmeterol and ketoconazole coadministration due to beta-agonist–mediated systemic effects (2 with QTc prolongation and 1 with palpitations and sinus tachycardia). Coadministration of salmeterol and ketoconazole did not result in a clinically significant effect on mean heart rate, mean blood potassium, or mean blood glucose. Although there was no statistical effect on the mean QTc, coadministration of salmeterol and ketoconazole was associated with more frequent increases in QTc duration compared with salmeterol and placebo administration. Erythromycin: Fluticasone Propionate: In a multiple-dose drug interaction trial, coadministration of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (500 mcg twice daily) and erythromycin (333 mg 3 times daily) did not affect fluticasone propionate pharmacokinetics. Salmeterol: In a repeat-dose trial in 13 healthy subjects, concomitant administration of erythromycin (a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor) and salmeterol inhalation aerosol resulted in a 40% increase in salmeterol C max at steady state (ratio with and without erythromycin 1.4 [90% CI: 0.96, 2.03], P = 0.12), a 3.6-beat/min increase in heart rate ([95% CI: 0.19, 7.03], P <0.04), a 5.8-msec increase in QTc interval ([95% CI: -6.14, 17.77], P = 0.34), and no change in plasma potassium.

20220801

2

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Inhalation aerosol: purple plastic inhaler with a light purple cap containing a pressurized metered-dose aerosol canister containing 120 metered inhalations and fitted with a counter. • 45 mcg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol from the mouthpiece per actuation • 115 mg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol from the mouthpiece per actuation • 230 mg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol from the mouthpiece per actuation Inhalation aerosol: • 45 mcg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol per actuation (3) • 115 mcg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol per actuation (3) • 230 mcg fluticasone propionate/21 mcg salmeterol per actuation (3)

Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE FLUTICASONE SALMETEROL XINAFOATE SALMETEROL NORFLURANE Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE FLUTICASONE SALMETEROL XINAFOATE SALMETEROL NORFLURANE Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE FLUTICASONE SALMETEROL XINAFOATE SALMETEROL NORFLURANE

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Studies in laboratory animals (minipigs, rodents, and dogs) have demonstrated the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death (with histologic evidence of myocardial necrosis) when beta-agonists and methylxanthines are administered concurrently. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Fluticasone Propionate Fluticasone propionate demonstrated no tumorigenic potential in mice at oral doses up to 1,000 mcg/kg (approximately 5 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis) for 78 weeks or in rats at inhalation doses up to 57 mcg/kg (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis) for 104 weeks. Fluticasone propionate did not induce gene mutation in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells in vitro. No significant clastogenic effect was seen in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test. Fertility and reproductive performance were unaffected in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID for adults on a mcg/m 2 basis). Salmeterol In an 18-month carcinogenicity study in CD-mice, salmeterol at oral doses of 1,400 mcg/kg and above (approximately 10 times the MRHDID based on comparison of the plasma AUCs) caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of smooth muscle hyperplasia, cystic glandular hyperplasia, leiomyomas of the uterus, and ovarian cysts. No tumors were seen at 200 mcg/kg (approximately 2 times the MRHDID for adults based on comparison of the AUCs). In a 24-month oral and inhalation carcinogenicity study in Sprague Dawley rats, salmeterol caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of mesovarian leiomyomas and ovarian cysts at doses of 680 mcg/kg and above (approximately 80 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis). No tumors were seen at 210 mcg/kg (approximately 25 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis). These findings in rodents are similar to those reported previously for other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs. The relevance of these findings to human use is unknown. Salmeterol produced no detectable or reproducible increases in microbial and mammalian gene mutation in vitro. No clastogenic activity occurred in vitro in human lymphocytes or in vivo in a rat micronucleus test. Fertility and reproductive performance were unaffected in male and female rats at oral doses up to 2,000 mcg/kg (approximately 230 times the MRHDID for adults on a mcg/m 2 basis).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Fluticasone Propionate Fluticasone propionate demonstrated no tumorigenic potential in mice at oral doses up to 1,000 mcg/kg (approximately 5 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis) for 78 weeks or in rats at inhalation doses up to 57 mcg/kg (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis) for 104 weeks. Fluticasone propionate did not induce gene mutation in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells in vitro. No significant clastogenic effect was seen in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test. Fertility and reproductive performance were unaffected in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID for adults on a mcg/m 2 basis). Salmeterol In an 18-month carcinogenicity study in CD-mice, salmeterol at oral doses of 1,400 mcg/kg and above (approximately 10 times the MRHDID based on comparison of the plasma AUCs) caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of smooth muscle hyperplasia, cystic glandular hyperplasia, leiomyomas of the uterus, and ovarian cysts. No tumors were seen at 200 mcg/kg (approximately 2 times the MRHDID for adults based on comparison of the AUCs). In a 24-month oral and inhalation carcinogenicity study in Sprague Dawley rats, salmeterol caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of mesovarian leiomyomas and ovarian cysts at doses of 680 mcg/kg and above (approximately 80 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis). No tumors were seen at 210 mcg/kg (approximately 25 times the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis). These findings in rodents are similar to those reported previously for other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs. The relevance of these findings to human use is unknown. Salmeterol produced no detectable or reproducible increases in microbial and mammalian gene mutation in vitro. No clastogenic activity occurred in vitro in human lymphocytes or in vivo in a rat micronucleus test. Fertility and reproductive performance were unaffected in male and female rats at oral doses up to 2,000 mcg/kg (approximately 230 times the MRHDID for adults on a mcg/m 2 basis). 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Studies in laboratory animals (minipigs, rodents, and dogs) have demonstrated the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death (with histologic evidence of myocardial necrosis) when beta-agonists and methylxanthines are administered concurrently. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.

NDA021254

Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA

fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate

66993-088

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 66993-086-96 Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA Inhalation Aerosol 45 mcg/21 mcg PRASCO For oral inhalation with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA actuator only. Contents: Each canister contains a microcrystalline suspension of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate in propellant HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). Each actuation delivers 45 mcg of fluticasone propionate and 30.45 mcg of salmeterol xinafoate equivalent to 21 mcg of salmeterol base from the mouthpiece. See prescribing information for dosage information. R X Only 120 Metered Actuations Net Wt. 12 g 62000000083185 Rev. 10/22 Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg-21 mcg 120 dose carton

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use). Serious Asthma-Related Events Inform patients with asthma that LABA when used alone increases the risk of asthma-related hospitalization or asthma-related death. Available data show that when ICS and LABA are used together, such as with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, there is not a significant increase in the risk of these events. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ).] Not for Acute Symptoms Inform patients that Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is not meant to relieve acute asthma symptoms and extra doses should not be used for that purpose. Advise patients to treat acute asthma symptoms with an inhaled, short-acting beta 2 -agonist such as albuterol. Provide patients with such medication and instruct them in how it should be used. Instruct patients to seek medical attention immediately if they experience any of the following: • Decreasing effectiveness of inhaled, short-acting beta 2 -agonists • Need for more inhalations than usual of inhaled, short-acting beta 2 -agonists • Significant decrease in lung function as outlined by the physician Tell patients they should not stop therapy with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA without physician/provider guidance since symptoms may recur after discontinuation. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ).] Do Not Use Additional Long-acting Beta 2 -agonists Instruct patients not to use other LABA for asthma. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ).] Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Inform patients that localized infections with Candida albicans occurred in the mouth and pharynx in some patients. If oropharyngeal candidiasis develops, treat it with appropriate local or systemic (i.e., oral) antifungal therapy while still continuing therapy with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, but at times therapy with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA may need to be temporarily interrupted under close medical supervision. Advise patients to rinse the mouth with water without swallowing after inhalation to help reduce the risk of thrush. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ).] Pneumonia Patients with COPD have a higher risk of pneumonia; instruct them to contact their healthcare providers if they develop symptoms of pneumonia. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ).] Immunosuppression and Risk of Infections Warn patients who are on immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles and, if exposed, to consult their physicians without delay. Inform patients of potential worsening of existing tuberculosis; fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ).] Hypercorticism and Adrenal Suppression Advise patients that Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA may cause systemic corticosteroid effects of hypercorticism and adrenal suppression. Additionally, inform patients that deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occurred during and after transfer from systemic corticosteroids. Patients should taper slowly from systemic corticosteroids if transferring to Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ).] Hypersensitivity Reactions, including Anaphylaxis Advise patients that immediate hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, rash, bronchospasm, hypotension), including anaphylaxis, may occur after administration of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. Patients should discontinue Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA if such reactions occur. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ).] Risks Associated with Beta-agonist Therapy Inform patients of adverse effects associated with beta 2 -agonists, such as palpitations, chest pain, rapid heart rate, tremor, or nervousness. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 ).] Reduction in Bone Mineral Density Advise patients who are at an increased risk for decreased BMD that the use of corticosteroids may pose an additional risk. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 ).] Reduced Growth Velocity Inform patients that orally inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate, may cause a reduction in growth velocity when administered to pediatric patients. Physicians should closely follow the growth of children and adolescents taking corticosteroids by any route. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 ).] Glaucoma and Cataracts Advise patients that long-term use of ICS may increase the risk of some eye problems (cataracts or glaucoma); consider regular eye examinations. [See Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 ).] Trademarks are owned by or licensed to the GSK group of companies. Manufactured for: Prasco Laboratories Mason, OH 45040 USA Manufactured by: GlaxoSmithKline Durham, NC 27701 ADH-PS:1PI

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhalation aerosol for oral inhalation use Your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler Figure A • The metal canister holds the medicine. See Figure A. • The metal canister has a counter to show how many sprays of medicine you have left. The number shows through a window in the back of the purple plastic actuator. See Figure A. • The counter starts at 124 . The number will count down by 1 each time you spray the inhaler. The counter will stop counting at 000 . • Do not try to change the numbers or take the counter off the metal canister. The counter cannot be reset, and it is permanently attached to the metal canister. • The purple plastic actuator sprays the medicine from the metal canister. The plastic actuator has a light purple protective cap that covers the mouthpiece. See Figure A. Keep the protective cap on the mouthpiece when the metal canister is not in use. • Do not use the plastic actuator with a canister of medicine from any other inhaler. • Do not use an Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA metal canister with an actuator from any other inhaler. Before using your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler • The inhaler should be at room temperature before you use it. Priming your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler Figure B Figure C Figure D Before you use Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA for the first time, you must prime the inhaler so that you will get the right amount of medicine when you use it. • To take the cap off the mouthpiece, squeeze the sides of the cap and pull it straight out. See Figure B. • Shake the inhaler well for 5 seconds. • Spray the inhaler 1 time into the air away from your face. Avoid spraying in eyes. See Figure C. • Shake and spray the inhaler like this 3 more times to finish priming it. The counter should now read 120 . See Figure D. • You must prime your inhaler again if you have not used it in more than 4 weeks or if you have dropped it. To take the cap off the mouthpiece, squeeze the sides of the cap and pull it straight out. Shake the inhaler well for 5 seconds. Then spray it 1 time into the air away from your face. Shake and spray the inhaler like this 1 more time to finish priming it. How to use your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler Follow these steps every time you use Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. Figure E Figure F Figure G Figure H Step 1. Make sure the metal canister fits firmly in the plastic actuator. The counter should show through the window in the actuator. To take the cap off the mouthpiece, squeeze the sides of the cap and pull it straight out. Look inside the mouthpiece for foreign objects and take out any you see. Step 2. Hold the inhaler with the mouthpiece down and shake it well for 5 seconds . See Figure E. Step 3. Breathe out through your mouth and push as much air from your lungs as you can. See Figure F. Step 4. Put the mouthpiece in your mouth and close your lips around it. Push the top of the metal canister firmly all the way down while you breathe in deeply and slowly through your mouth. See Figure G. Step 5. After the spray comes out, take your finger off the metal canister. After you have breathed in all the way, take the inhaler out of your mouth and close your mouth. Step 6. Hold your breath for about 10 seconds, or for as long as is comfortable. Breathe out slowly as long as you can. Wait about 30 seconds and shake the inhaler well for 5 seconds. Repeat Step 2 through Step 6. Step 7. Rinse your mouth with water after breathing in the medicine. Spit out the water. Do not swallow it. See Figure H. Step 8. Put the cap back on the mouthpiece after you finish using the inhaler. Make sure it snaps firmly into place. Cleaning your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler Figure I Figure J Clean your inhaler at least 1 time each week after your evening dose. You may not see any medicine build-up on the inhaler, but it is important to keep it clean so medicine build-up will not block the spray. See Figure I. Step 9. Take the cap off the mouthpiece by squeezing the sides of the cap and pulling it straight out. Do not take the metal canister out of the plastic actuator. Step 10. Use a dry cotton swab to clean the small circular opening where the medicine sprays out of the canister. Carefully twist the swab in a circular motion to take off any medicine. See Figure J. Step 11. Wipe the inside of the mouthpiece with a clean tissue dampened with water. Let the plastic actuator air-dry overnight. Step 12. Put the cap back on the mouthpiece after the plastic actuator has dried. Replacing your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler • When the counter reads 020 , you should refill your prescription or ask your healthcare provider if you need another prescription for Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA. • When the counter reads 000, throw the inhaler away. You should not keep using the inhaler when the counter reads 000 because you may not receive the right amount of medicine. • Do not use the inhaler after the expiration date, which is on the packaging it comes in. For correct use of your Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA inhaler, remember: • The metal canister should always fit firmly in the plastic actuator. • Breathe in deeply and slowly to make sure you get all the medicine. • Hold your breath for about 10 seconds after breathing in the medicine. Then breathe out fully. • After each dose, rinse your mouth with water and spit it out. Do not swallow the water. • Do not take the inhaler apart. • Always keep the protective cap on the mouthpiece when your inhaler is not in use. • Always store your inhaler with the mouthpiece pointing down. • Clean your inhaler at least 1 time each week. For more information about Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA or how to use your inhaler, call 1-866-525-0688. Manufactured for: Prasco Laboratories Mason, OH 45040 USA Manufactured by: GlaxoSmithKline Durham, NC 27701 ADH-PS:1IFU This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Revised: August 2022 Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D Figure E Figure F Figure G Figure H Figure I Figure J

14 CLINICAL STUDIES Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA has been studied in subjects with asthma aged 12 years and older. Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA has not been studied in subjects younger than 12 years or in subjects with COPD. In clinical trials comparing fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA with its individual components, improvements in most efficacy endpoints were greater with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA than with the use of either fluticasone propionate or salmeterol alone. In addition, clinical trials showed comparable results between fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and ADVAIR DISKUS. 14.1 Trials Comparing Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA with Fluticasone Propionate Alone or Salmeterol Alone Four (4) double-blind, parallel-group clinical trials were conducted with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in 1,517 adult and adolescent subjects (aged 12 years and older, mean baseline FEV 1 65% to 75% of predicted normal) with asthma that was not optimally controlled on their current therapy. All metered-dose inhaler treatments were inhalation aerosols given as 2 inhalations twice daily, and other maintenance therapies were discontinued. Trial 1: Clinical Trial with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg This placebo-controlled, 12-week, U.S. trial compared fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 44 mcg or salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, each given as 2 inhalations twice daily. The primary efficacy endpoints were predose FEV 1 and withdrawals due to worsening asthma. This trial was stratified according to baseline asthma therapy: subjects using beta-agonists (albuterol alone [n = 142], salmeterol [n = 84], or ICS [n = 134] [daily doses of beclomethasone dipropionate 252 to 336 mcg; budesonide 400 to 600 mcg; flunisolide 1,000 mcg; fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol 176 mcg; fluticasone propionate inhalation powder 200 mcg; or triamcinolone acetonide 600 to 800 mcg]). Baseline FEV 1 measurements were similar across treatments: fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, 2.29 L; fluticasone propionate 44 mcg, 2.20 L; salmeterol, 2.33 L; and placebo, 2.27 L. Predefined withdrawal criteria for lack of efficacy, an indicator of worsening asthma, were utilized for this placebo-controlled trial. Worsening asthma was defined as a clinically important decrease in FEV 1 or PEF, increase in use of VENTOLIN (albuterol, USP) Inhalation Aerosol, increase in night awakenings due to asthma, emergency intervention or hospitalization due to asthma, or requirement for asthma medicine not allowed by the protocol. As shown in Table 3, statistically significantly fewer subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg were withdrawn due to worsening asthma compared with salmeterol and placebo. Fewer subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg were withdrawn due to worsening asthma compared with fluticasone propionate 44 mcg; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Table 3. Percent of Subjects Withdrawn due to Worsening Asthma in Subjects Previously Treated with Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (n = 92) Fluticasone Propionate CFC Inhalation Aerosol 44 mcg (n = 89) Salmeterol CFC Inhalation Aerosol 21 mcg (n = 92) Placebo HFA Inhalation Aerosol (n = 87) 2% 8% 25% 28% The FEV 1 results are displayed in Figure 1. Because this trial used predetermined criteria for worsening asthma, which caused more subjects in the placebo group to be withdrawn, FEV 1 results at Endpoint (last available FEV 1 result) are also provided. Subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg had significantly greater improvements in FEV 1 (0.58 L, 27%) compared with fluticasone propionate 44 mcg (0.36 L, 18%), salmeterol (0.25 L, 12%), and placebo (0.14 L, 5%). These improvements in FEV 1 with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg were achieved regardless of baseline asthma therapy (albuterol alone, salmeterol, or ICS). Figure 1. Mean Percent Change from Baseline in FEV1 in Subjects Previously Treated with Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) The effect of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg on the secondary efficacy parameters, including morning and evening PEF, usage of VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol, and asthma symptoms over 24 hours on a scale of 0 to 5 is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Secondary Efficacy Variable Results for Subjects Previously Treated with Beta2‑agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) a Change from baseline = change from baseline at Endpoint (last available data). Efficacy Variable a Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (n = 92) Fluticasone Propionate CFC Inhalation Aerosol 44 mcg (n = 89) Salmeterol CFC Inhalation Aerosol 21 mcg (n = 92) Placebo HFA Inhalation Aerosol (n = 87) AM PEF (L/min) Baseline 377 369 381 382 Change from baseline 58 27 25 1 PM PEF (L/min) Baseline 397 387 402 407 Change from baseline 48 20 16 3 Use of VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol (inhalations/day) Baseline 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.7 Change from baseline -2.1 -0.4 -0.8 0.2 Asthma symptom score/day Baseline 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 Change from baseline -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 0 The subjective impact of asthma on subjects’ perception of health was evaluated through use of an instrument called the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) (based on a 7-point scale where 1 = maximum impairment and 7 = none). Subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg had clinically meaningful improvements in overall asthma-specific quality of life as defined by a difference between groups of ≥0.5 points in change from baseline AQLQ scores (difference in AQLQ score of 1.14 [95% CI: 0.85, 1.44] compared with placebo). Trial 2: Clinical Trial with F luticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg This active-controlled, 12-week, U.S. trial compared fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 44 mcg and salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, each given as 2 inhalations twice daily, in 283 subjects using as-needed albuterol alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was predose FEV 1 . Baseline FEV 1 measurements were similar across treatments: fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, 2.37 L; fluticasone propionate 44 mcg, 2.31 L; and salmeterol, 2.34 L. Efficacy results in this trial were similar to those observed in Trial 1. Subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg had significantly greater improvements in FEV 1 (0.69 L, 33%) compared with fluticasone propionate 44 mcg (0.51 L, 25%) and salmeterol (0.47 L, 22%). Trial 3: Clinical Trial with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg This placebo-controlled, 12-week, U.S. trial compared fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 110 mcg or salmeterol CFC inhalation aerosol 21 mcg, each given as 2 inhalations twice daily, in 365 subjects using ICS (daily doses of beclomethasone dipropionate 378 to 840 mcg; budesonide 800 to 1,200 mcg; flunisolide 1,250 to 2,000 mcg; fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol 440 to 660 mcg; fluticasone propionate inhalation powder 400 to 600 mcg; or triamcinolone acetonide 900 to 1,600 mcg). The primary efficacy endpoints were predose FEV 1 and withdrawals due to worsening asthma. Baseline FEV 1 measurements were similar across treatments: fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, 2.23 L; fluticasone propionate 110 mcg, 2.18 L; salmeterol, 2.22 L; and placebo, 2.17 L. Efficacy results in this trial were similar to those observed in Trials 1 and 2. Subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg had significantly greater improvements in FEV 1 (0.41 L, 20%) compared with fluticasone propionate 110 mcg (0.19 L, 9%), salmeterol (0.15 L, 8%), and placebo (-0.12 L, -6%). Significantly fewer subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg were withdrawn from this trial for worsening asthma (7%) compared with salmeterol (24%) and placebo (54%). Fewer subjects receiving fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg were withdrawn due to worsening asthma (7%) compared with fluticasone propionate 110 mcg (11%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Trial 4: Clinical Trial with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg This active-controlled, 12-week, non-U.S. trial compared fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg with fluticasone propionate CFC inhalation aerosol 220 mcg, each given as 2 inhalations twice daily, and with ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg given as 1 inhalation twice daily in 509 subjects using ICS (daily doses of beclomethasone dipropionate CFC inhalation aerosol 1,500 to 2,000 mcg; budesonide 1,500 to 2,000 mcg; flunisolide 1,500 to 2,000 mcg; fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol 660 to 880 mcg; or fluticasone propionate inhalation powder 750 to 1,000 mcg). The primary efficacy endpoint was morning PEF. Baseline morning PEF measurements were similar across treatments: fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg, 327 L/min; ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg, 341 L/min; and fluticasone propionate 220 mcg, 345 L/min. As shown in Figure 2, morning PEF improved significantly with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg compared with fluticasone propionate 220 mcg over the 12-week treatment period. Improvements in morning PEF observed with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg were similar to improvements observed with ADVAIR DISKUS 500 mcg/50 mcg. Figure 2. Mean Percent Change from Baseline in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow in Subjects Previously Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 4) Figure 1. Mean Percent Change from Baseline in FEV1 in Subjects Previously Treated with Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) Figure 2. Mean Percent Change from Baseline in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow in Subjects Previously Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 4) 14.2 One-Year Safety Trial Clinical Trial with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg This 1-year, open-label, non-U.S. trial evaluated the safety of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg, and fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg given as 2 inhalations twice daily in 325 subjects. This trial was stratified into 3 groups according to baseline asthma therapy: subjects using short-acting beta 2 -agonists alone (n = 42), salmeterol (n = 91), or ICS (n = 277). Subjects treated with short-acting beta 2 -agonists alone, salmeterol, or low doses of ICS with or without concurrent salmeterol received fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg. Subjects treated with moderate doses of ICS with or without concurrent salmeterol received fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg. Subjects treated with high doses of ICS with or without concurrent salmeterol received fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg. Baseline FEV 1 measurements ranged from 2.3 to 2.6 L. Improvements in FEV 1 (0.17 to 0.35 L at 4 weeks) were seen across all 3 treatments and were sustained throughout the 52-week treatment period. Few subjects (3%) were withdrawn due to worsening asthma over 1 year. 14.3 Onset of Action and Progression of Improvement in Control The onset of action and progression of improvement in asthma control were evaluated in 2 placebo-controlled U.S. trials and 1 active-controlled U.S. trial. Following the first dose, the median time to onset of clinically significant bronchodilatation (≥15% improvement in FEV 1 ) in most subjects was seen within 30 to 60 minutes. Maximum improvement in FEV 1 occurred within 4 hours, and clinically significant improvement was maintained for 12 hours (Figure 3). Following the initial dose, predose FEV 1 relative to Day 1 baseline improved markedly over the first week of treatment and continued to improve over the 12 weeks of treatment in all 3 trials. No diminution in the 12-hour bronchodilator effect was observed with either fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (Figures 3 and 4) or fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 230/21 as assessed by FEV 1 following 12 weeks of therapy. Figure 3. Percent Change in Serial 12-Hour FEV1 in Subjects Previously Using Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) First Treatment Day Figure 4. Percent Change in Serial 12-Hour FEV1 in Subjects Previously Using Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) Figure 4. Percent Change in Serial 12-Hour FEV1 in Subjects Previously Using Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) Last Treatment Day (Week 12) Reduction in asthma symptoms and use of rescue VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol and improvement in morning and evening PEF also occurred within the first day of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA and continued to improve over the 12 weeks of therapy in all 3 trials. Figure 3. Percent Change in Serial 12-Hour FEV1 in Subjects Previously Using Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1) Figure 4. Percent Change in Serial 12-Hour FEV1 in Subjects Previously Using Either Beta2-agonists (Albuterol or Salmeterol) or Inhaled Corticosteroids (Trial 1)

8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical trials of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether older subjects respond differently than younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In addition, as with other products containing beta 2 -agonists, special caution should be observed when using Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA in geriatric patients who have concomitant cardiovascular disease that could be adversely affected by beta 2 -agonists.

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional data from thirty-eight (38) subjects aged 12 to 17 years were treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in U.S. pivotal clinical trials. Subjects in this age group demonstrated efficacy results similar to those observed in subjects aged 18 years and older. There were no obvious differences in the type or frequency of adverse events reported in this age group compared with subjects aged 18 years and older. In a 12-week trial, the safety of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg given as 2 inhalations twice daily was compared with that of fluticasone propionate 44 mcg HFA (FLOVENT HFA [fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol]) 2 inhalations twice daily in 350 subjects aged 4 to 11 years with persistent asthma currently being treated with ICS. No new safety concerns were observed in children aged 4 to 11 years treated for 12 weeks with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg compared with adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older. Common adverse reactions (≥3%) seen in children aged 4 to 11 years treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg but not reported in the adult and adolescent clinical trials of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA include: pyrexia, cough, pharyngolaryngeal pain, rhinitis, and sinusitis [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . This trial was not designed to assess the effect of salmeterol, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, on asthma hospitalizations and death in subjects aged 4 to 11 years. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effect on serum cortisol of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in a trial of 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to salmeterol xinafoate was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS while the systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate was lower with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with that of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer or ADVAIR DISKUS. There were reductions in serum cortisol from baseline in all treatment groups (14%, 22%, and 13% for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively) [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 , 12.3 )] . The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in pediatric patients younger than 12 years have not been established. Effects on Growth ICS, including fluticasone propionate, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, may cause a reduction in growth velocity in children and adolescents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] . The growth of pediatric patients receiving orally inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, should be monitored. A 52-week placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential growth effects of fluticasone propionate inhalation powder (FLOVENT ROTADISK) at 50 and 100 mcg twice daily was conducted in the U.S. in 325 prepubescent children (244 males and 81 females) aged 4 to 11 years. The mean growth velocities at 52 weeks observed in the intent-to-treat population were 6.32 cm/year in the placebo group (n = 76), 6.07 cm/year in the 50-mcg group (n = 98), and 5.66 cm/year in the 100-mcg group (n = 89). An imbalance in the proportion of children entering puberty between groups and a higher dropout rate in the placebo group due to poorly controlled asthma may be confounding factors in interpreting these data. A separate subset analysis of children who remained prepubertal during the trial revealed growth rates at 52 weeks of 6.10 cm/year in the placebo group (n = 57), 5.91 cm/year in the 50-mcg group (n = 74), and 5.67 cm/year in the 100-mcg group (n = 79). In children aged 8.5 years, the mean age of children in this trial, the range for expected growth velocity is: boys – 3 rd percentile = 3.8 cm/year, 50 th percentile = 5.4 cm/year, and 97 th percentile = 7.0 cm/year; girls – 3 rd percentile = 4.2 cm/year, 50 th percentile = 5.7 cm/year, and 97 th percentile = 7.3 cm/year. The clinical relevance of these growth data is not certain. If a child or adolescent on any corticosteroid appears to have growth suppression, the possibility that he/she is particularly sensitive to this effect of corticosteroids should be considered. The potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against the clinical benefits obtained. To minimize the systemic effects of orally inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, each patient should be titrated to the lowest strength that effectively controls his/her asthma [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )] .

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are insufficient data on the use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA or individual monoproducts, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate, in pregnant women. There are clinical considerations with the use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in pregnant women. (See Clinical Considerations.) In animals, teratogenicity characteristic of corticosteroids, decreased fetal body weight and/or skeletal variations, in rats, mice, and rabbits, was observed with subcutaneously administered maternal toxic doses of fluticasone propionate less than the maximum recommended human daily inhaled dose (MRHDID) on a mcg/m 2 basis. (See Data.) However, fluticasone propionate administered via inhalation to rats decreased fetal body weight but did not induce teratogenicity at a maternal toxic dose less than the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis. (See Data.) Experience with oral corticosteroids suggests that rodents are more prone to teratogenic effects from corticosteroids than humans. Oral administration of salmeterol to pregnant rabbits caused teratogenicity characteristic of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation at maternal doses approximately 25 times the MRHDID on an AUC basis. These adverse effects generally occurred at large multiples of the MRHDID when salmeterol was administered by the oral route to achieve high systemic exposures. No such effects occurred at an oral salmeterol dose approximately 10 times the MRHDID. (See Data.) The estimated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryofetal Risk: In women with poorly or moderately controlled asthma, there is an increased risk of several perinatal outcomes such as pre-eclampsia in the mother and prematurity, low birth weight, and small for gestational age in the neonate. Pregnant women should be closely monitored and medication adjusted as necessary to maintain optimal control of asthma. Labor and Delivery: There are no human studies evaluating the effects of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA during labor and delivery. Because of the potential for beta-agonist interference with uterine contractility, use of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA during labor should be restricted to those patients in whom the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Data Human Data: Fluticasone Propionate: Following inhaled administration, fluticasone propionate was detected in the neonatal cord blood after delivery. Animal Data: Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol: In an embryofetal development study with pregnant rats that received the combination of subcutaneous administration of fluticasone propionate and oral administration of salmeterol at doses of 0/1,000; 30/0; 10/100; 30/1,000; and 100/10,000 mcg/kg/day (as fluticasone propionate/salmeterol) during the period of organogenesis, findings were generally consistent with the individual monoproducts and there was no exacerbation of expected fetal effects. Omphalocele, increased embryofetal deaths, decreased body weight, and skeletal variations were observed in rat fetuses in the presence of maternal toxicity when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 100 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). The rat no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was observed when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose less than the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 30 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 120 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 1,000 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study with pregnant mice that received the combination of subcutaneous administration of fluticasone propionate and oral administration of salmeterol at doses of 0/1,400; 40/0; 10/200; 40/1,400; or 150/10,000 mcg/kg/day (as fluticasone propionate/salmeterol) during the period of organogenesis, findings were generally consistent with the individual monoproducts and there was no exacerbation of expected fetal effects. Cleft palate, fetal death, increased implantation loss, and delayed ossification were observed in mouse fetuses when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 150 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 580 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). No developmental toxicity was observed at combination doses of fluticasone propionate up to approximately 0.2 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 40 mcg/kg) and doses of salmeterol up to approximately 80 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 1,400 mcg/kg). Fluticasone Propionate: In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rats and mice dosed by the subcutaneous route throughout the period of organogenesis, fluticasone propionate was teratogenic in both species. Omphalocele, decreased body weight, and skeletal variations were observed in rat fetuses, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 100 mcg/kg/day). The rat NOAEL was observed at approximately 0.3 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 30 mcg/kg/day). Cleft palate and fetal skeletal variations were observed in mouse fetuses at a dose approximately 0.2 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 45 mcg/kg/day). The mouse NOAEL was observed with a dose approximately 0.08 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 15 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study with pregnant rats dosed by the inhalation route throughout the period of organogenesis, fluticasone propionate produced decreased fetal body weights and skeletal variations, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at a dose approximately 0.3 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal inhalation dose of 25.7 mcg/kg/day); however, there was no evidence of teratogenicity. The NOAEL was observed with a dose approximately 0.05 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal inhalation dose of 5.5 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rabbits that were dosed by the subcutaneous route throughout organogenesis, fluticasone propionate produced reductions of fetal body weights, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at doses less than the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.57 mcg/kg/day). Teratogenicity was evident based upon a finding of cleft palate for 1 fetus at a dose approximately 0.09 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 4 mcg/kg/day). The NOAEL was observed in rabbit fetuses with a dose approximately 0.002 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.08 mcg/kg/day). Fluticasone propionate crossed the placenta following subcutaneous administration to mice and rats and oral administration to rabbits. In a pre- and post-natal development study in pregnant rats dosed by the subcutaneous route from late gestation through delivery and lactation (Gestation Day 17 to Postpartum Day 22), fluticasone propionate was not associated with decreases in pup body weight and had no effects on developmental landmarks, learning, memory, reflexes, or fertility at doses up to 0.5 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with maternal subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg/day). Salmeterol: In 3 embryofetal development studies, pregnant rabbits received oral administration of salmeterol at doses ranging from 100 to 10,000 mcg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis. In pregnant Dutch rabbits administered salmeterol doses approximately 25 times the MRHDID (on an AUC basis at maternal oral doses of 1,000 mcg/kg/day and higher), fetal toxic effects were observed characteristically resulting from beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. These included precocious eyelid openings, cleft palate, sternebral fusion, limb and paw flexures, and delayed ossification of the frontal cranial bones. No such effects occurred at a salmeterol dose approximately 10 times the MRHDID (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 600 mcg/kg/day). New Zealand White rabbits were less sensitive since only delayed ossification of the frontal cranial bones was seen at a salmeterol dose approximately 2,300 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). In 2 embryofetal development studies, pregnant rats received salmeterol by oral administration at doses ranging from 100 to 10,000 mcg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis. Salmeterol produced no maternal toxicity or embryofetal effects at doses up to approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at maternal oral doses up to 10,000 mcg/kg/day). In a peri- and post-natal development study in pregnant rats dosed by the oral route from late gestation through delivery and lactation, salmeterol at a dose approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day) was fetotoxic and decreased the fertility of survivors. Salmeterol xinafoate crossed the placenta following oral administration to mice and rats.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Hepatic impairment: Monitor patients for signs of increased drug exposure. (8.6) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are insufficient data on the use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA or individual monoproducts, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate, in pregnant women. There are clinical considerations with the use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in pregnant women. (See Clinical Considerations.) In animals, teratogenicity characteristic of corticosteroids, decreased fetal body weight and/or skeletal variations, in rats, mice, and rabbits, was observed with subcutaneously administered maternal toxic doses of fluticasone propionate less than the maximum recommended human daily inhaled dose (MRHDID) on a mcg/m 2 basis. (See Data.) However, fluticasone propionate administered via inhalation to rats decreased fetal body weight but did not induce teratogenicity at a maternal toxic dose less than the MRHDID on a mcg/m 2 basis. (See Data.) Experience with oral corticosteroids suggests that rodents are more prone to teratogenic effects from corticosteroids than humans. Oral administration of salmeterol to pregnant rabbits caused teratogenicity characteristic of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation at maternal doses approximately 25 times the MRHDID on an AUC basis. These adverse effects generally occurred at large multiples of the MRHDID when salmeterol was administered by the oral route to achieve high systemic exposures. No such effects occurred at an oral salmeterol dose approximately 10 times the MRHDID. (See Data.) The estimated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryofetal Risk: In women with poorly or moderately controlled asthma, there is an increased risk of several perinatal outcomes such as pre-eclampsia in the mother and prematurity, low birth weight, and small for gestational age in the neonate. Pregnant women should be closely monitored and medication adjusted as necessary to maintain optimal control of asthma. Labor and Delivery: There are no human studies evaluating the effects of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA during labor and delivery. Because of the potential for beta-agonist interference with uterine contractility, use of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA during labor should be restricted to those patients in whom the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. Data Human Data: Fluticasone Propionate: Following inhaled administration, fluticasone propionate was detected in the neonatal cord blood after delivery. Animal Data: Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol: In an embryofetal development study with pregnant rats that received the combination of subcutaneous administration of fluticasone propionate and oral administration of salmeterol at doses of 0/1,000; 30/0; 10/100; 30/1,000; and 100/10,000 mcg/kg/day (as fluticasone propionate/salmeterol) during the period of organogenesis, findings were generally consistent with the individual monoproducts and there was no exacerbation of expected fetal effects. Omphalocele, increased embryofetal deaths, decreased body weight, and skeletal variations were observed in rat fetuses in the presence of maternal toxicity when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 100 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). The rat no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was observed when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose less than the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 30 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 120 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 1,000 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study with pregnant mice that received the combination of subcutaneous administration of fluticasone propionate and oral administration of salmeterol at doses of 0/1,400; 40/0; 10/200; 40/1,400; or 150/10,000 mcg/kg/day (as fluticasone propionate/salmeterol) during the period of organogenesis, findings were generally consistent with the individual monoproducts and there was no exacerbation of expected fetal effects. Cleft palate, fetal death, increased implantation loss, and delayed ossification were observed in mouse fetuses when combining fluticasone propionate at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 150 mcg/kg/day) and salmeterol at a dose approximately 580 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). No developmental toxicity was observed at combination doses of fluticasone propionate up to approximately 0.2 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 40 mcg/kg) and doses of salmeterol up to approximately 80 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 1,400 mcg/kg). Fluticasone Propionate: In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rats and mice dosed by the subcutaneous route throughout the period of organogenesis, fluticasone propionate was teratogenic in both species. Omphalocele, decreased body weight, and skeletal variations were observed in rat fetuses, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at a dose approximately equivalent to the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 100 mcg/kg/day). The rat NOAEL was observed at approximately 0.3 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 30 mcg/kg/day). Cleft palate and fetal skeletal variations were observed in mouse fetuses at a dose approximately 0.2 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 45 mcg/kg/day). The mouse NOAEL was observed with a dose approximately 0.08 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 15 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study with pregnant rats dosed by the inhalation route throughout the period of organogenesis, fluticasone propionate produced decreased fetal body weights and skeletal variations, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at a dose approximately 0.3 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal inhalation dose of 25.7 mcg/kg/day); however, there was no evidence of teratogenicity. The NOAEL was observed with a dose approximately 0.05 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal inhalation dose of 5.5 mcg/kg/day). In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rabbits that were dosed by the subcutaneous route throughout organogenesis, fluticasone propionate produced reductions of fetal body weights, in the presence of maternal toxicity, at doses less than the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.57 mcg/kg/day). Teratogenicity was evident based upon a finding of cleft palate for 1 fetus at a dose approximately 0.09 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 4 mcg/kg/day). The NOAEL was observed in rabbit fetuses with a dose approximately 0.002 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.08 mcg/kg/day). Fluticasone propionate crossed the placenta following subcutaneous administration to mice and rats and oral administration to rabbits. In a pre- and post-natal development study in pregnant rats dosed by the subcutaneous route from late gestation through delivery and lactation (Gestation Day 17 to Postpartum Day 22), fluticasone propionate was not associated with decreases in pup body weight and had no effects on developmental landmarks, learning, memory, reflexes, or fertility at doses up to 0.5 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with maternal subcutaneous doses up to 50 mcg/kg/day). Salmeterol: In 3 embryofetal development studies, pregnant rabbits received oral administration of salmeterol at doses ranging from 100 to 10,000 mcg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis. In pregnant Dutch rabbits administered salmeterol doses approximately 25 times the MRHDID (on an AUC basis at maternal oral doses of 1,000 mcg/kg/day and higher), fetal toxic effects were observed characteristically resulting from beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. These included precocious eyelid openings, cleft palate, sternebral fusion, limb and paw flexures, and delayed ossification of the frontal cranial bones. No such effects occurred at a salmeterol dose approximately 10 times the MRHDID (on an AUC basis at a maternal oral dose of 600 mcg/kg/day). New Zealand White rabbits were less sensitive since only delayed ossification of the frontal cranial bones was seen at a salmeterol dose approximately 2,300 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day). In 2 embryofetal development studies, pregnant rats received salmeterol by oral administration at doses ranging from 100 to 10,000 mcg/kg/day during the period of organogenesis. Salmeterol produced no maternal toxicity or embryofetal effects at doses up to approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis at maternal oral doses up to 10,000 mcg/kg/day). In a peri- and post-natal development study in pregnant rats dosed by the oral route from late gestation through delivery and lactation, salmeterol at a dose approximately 1,200 times the MRHDID (on a mcg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day) was fetotoxic and decreased the fertility of survivors. Salmeterol xinafoate crossed the placenta following oral administration to mice and rats. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no available data on the presence of fluticasone propionate or salmeterol in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Other corticosteroids have been detected in human milk. However, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol concentrations in plasma after inhaled therapeutic doses are low and therefore concentrations in human breast milk are likely to be correspondingly low [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA or from the underlying maternal condition. Data Animal Data: Subcutaneous administration of tritiated fluticasone propionate at a dose of 10 mcg/kg/day to lactating rats resulted in measurable levels in milk. Oral administration of salmeterol at a dose of 10,000 mcg/kg/day to lactating rats resulted in measurable levels in milk. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional data from thirty-eight (38) subjects aged 12 to 17 years were treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in U.S. pivotal clinical trials. Subjects in this age group demonstrated efficacy results similar to those observed in subjects aged 18 years and older. There were no obvious differences in the type or frequency of adverse events reported in this age group compared with subjects aged 18 years and older. In a 12-week trial, the safety of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg given as 2 inhalations twice daily was compared with that of fluticasone propionate 44 mcg HFA (FLOVENT HFA [fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol]) 2 inhalations twice daily in 350 subjects aged 4 to 11 years with persistent asthma currently being treated with ICS. No new safety concerns were observed in children aged 4 to 11 years treated for 12 weeks with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg compared with adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older. Common adverse reactions (≥3%) seen in children aged 4 to 11 years treated with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg but not reported in the adult and adolescent clinical trials of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA include: pyrexia, cough, pharyngolaryngeal pain, rhinitis, and sinusitis [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . This trial was not designed to assess the effect of salmeterol, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, on asthma hospitalizations and death in subjects aged 4 to 11 years. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effect on serum cortisol of 21 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg (2 inhalations twice daily with or without a spacer) or ADVAIR DISKUS 100 mcg/50 mcg (1 inhalation twice daily) was evaluated in a trial of 31 children aged 4 to 11 years with mild asthma. Systemic exposure to salmeterol xinafoate was similar for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS while the systemic exposure to fluticasone propionate was lower with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA compared with that of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer or ADVAIR DISKUS. There were reductions in serum cortisol from baseline in all treatment groups (14%, 22%, and 13% for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA delivered with a spacer, and ADVAIR DISKUS, respectively) [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 , 12.3 )] . The safety and effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA in pediatric patients younger than 12 years have not been established. Effects on Growth ICS, including fluticasone propionate, a component of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA, may cause a reduction in growth velocity in children and adolescents [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] . The growth of pediatric patients receiving orally inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, should be monitored. A 52-week placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential growth effects of fluticasone propionate inhalation powder (FLOVENT ROTADISK) at 50 and 100 mcg twice daily was conducted in the U.S. in 325 prepubescent children (244 males and 81 females) aged 4 to 11 years. The mean growth velocities at 52 weeks observed in the intent-to-treat population were 6.32 cm/year in the placebo group (n = 76), 6.07 cm/year in the 50-mcg group (n = 98), and 5.66 cm/year in the 100-mcg group (n = 89). An imbalance in the proportion of children entering puberty between groups and a higher dropout rate in the placebo group due to poorly controlled asthma may be confounding factors in interpreting these data. A separate subset analysis of children who remained prepubertal during the trial revealed growth rates at 52 weeks of 6.10 cm/year in the placebo group (n = 57), 5.91 cm/year in the 50-mcg group (n = 74), and 5.67 cm/year in the 100-mcg group (n = 79). In children aged 8.5 years, the mean age of children in this trial, the range for expected growth velocity is: boys – 3 rd percentile = 3.8 cm/year, 50 th percentile = 5.4 cm/year, and 97 th percentile = 7.0 cm/year; girls – 3 rd percentile = 4.2 cm/year, 50 th percentile = 5.7 cm/year, and 97 th percentile = 7.3 cm/year. The clinical relevance of these growth data is not certain. If a child or adolescent on any corticosteroid appears to have growth suppression, the possibility that he/she is particularly sensitive to this effect of corticosteroids should be considered. The potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against the clinical benefits obtained. To minimize the systemic effects of orally inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA, each patient should be titrated to the lowest strength that effectively controls his/her asthma [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical trials of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether older subjects respond differently than younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In addition, as with other products containing beta 2 -agonists, special caution should be observed when using Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA in geriatric patients who have concomitant cardiovascular disease that could be adversely affected by beta 2 -agonists. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Formal pharmacokinetic studies using fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have not been conducted in patients with hepatic impairment. However, since both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol are predominantly cleared by hepatic metabolism, impairment of liver function may lead to accumulation of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in plasma. Therefore, patients with hepatic disease should be closely monitored. 8.7 Renal Impairment Formal pharmacokinetic studies using fluticasone propionate and salmeterol HFA have not been conducted in patients with renal impairment.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA is supplied in the following boxes of 1 as a pressurized aluminum canister fitted with a counter and supplied with a purple plastic actuator with a light purple cap: • Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 45 mcg/21 mcg: 12-g canister containing 120 actuations (NDC 66993-086-96) • Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 115 mcg/21 mcg: 12-g canister containing 120 actuations (NDC 66993-087-96) • Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA 230 mcg/21 mcg: 12-g canister containing 120 actuations (NDC 66993-088-96) Each inhaler is packaged with a Patient Information leaflet. The purple actuator supplied with Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA should not be used with any other product canisters, and actuators from other products should not be used with a Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA canister. Counter Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol HFA has a counter attached to the canister. The counter starts at 124 and counts down each time a spray is released. The correct amount of medication in each actuation cannot be assured after the counter reads 000, even though the canister is not completely empty and will continue to operate. The inhaler should be discarded when the counter reads 000. Contents under Pressure Do not puncture. Do not use or store near heat or open flame. Exposure to temperatures above 120°F may cause bursting. Never throw canister into fire or incinerator. Storage Store at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C); excursions permitted from 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Store the inhaler with the mouthpiece down. For best results, the inhaler should be at room temperature before use.