PHYTONADIONE

ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Cutaneous Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] 6.3 Clinical Trials and Post-Marketing Experience The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size. It is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a casual relationship to drug exposure. Cardiac Disorders: Tachycardia, hypotension. General disorders and administration site conditions: Generalized flushing; pain, swelling, and tenderness at injection site. Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hyperbilirubinemia Immune System Disorders: Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic reactions. Neurologic: Dysgeusia, dizziness. Pulmonary: Dyspnea. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Erythema, pruritic plaques, scleroderma-like lesions, erythema perstans. Vascular: Cyanosis. Most common adverse reactions are cyanosis, diaphoresis, dizziness, dysgeusia, dyspnea, flushing, hypotension and tachycardia. (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-423-4136, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to phytonadione or any other componet of this medication [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. (4)

DESCRIPTION Phytonadione is a vitamin K replacement, which is a clear, yellow to amber, viscous, odorless or nearly odorless liquid. It is insoluble in water, soluble in chloroform and slightly soluble in ethanol. It has a molecular weight of 450.70. Phytonadoine is 2-methyl-3-phyty-1, 4-naphthoquinone. Its empirical formula is C31H46O2 and its molecular structure is: Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP injection is a yellow, sterile, aqueous colloidal solution of vitamin K1, with a pH of 3.5 to 7.0, available for injection by the intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes. Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is available in 1 mg (1 mg/0.5 mL) single-dose vials. Each 0.5 mL of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP contains the following inactive ingredients: 10 mg polysorbate 80, 10.4 mg propylene glycol, 0.17 mg sodium acetate anhydrous may have been added to adjust pH to meet USP limits of 3.5 to 7.0. The air above the liquid in the individual containers has been displaced by flushing with nitrogen during the filling operation. Formula1.jpg

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Dosing Considerations Whenever possible, administer Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP by the subcutaneous route [see Boxed Warning] . When intravenous administration is unavoidable, inject the drug very slowly, not exceeding 1 mg per minute [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Monitor international normalized ratio (INR) regularly and as clinical conditions indicate. Use the lowest dose of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP. The coagulant effects of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP are not immediate; improvement of INR may take 1-8 hours. Interim use of whole blood or component therapy may also be necessary if bleeding is severe. Whenever possible, administer benzyl alcohol-free formulations in pediatric patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. When Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is used to correct excessive anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia, anticoagulant therapy still being indicated, the patient is again faced with the clotting hazards existing prior to starting the anticoagulant therapy. Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is not a clotting agent, but overzealous therapy with Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP may restore conditions which originally permitted thromboembolic phenomena. Dosage should be kept as low as possible, and INR should be checked regularly as clinical conditions indicate. 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Coagulation Disorders from Vitamin K Deficiency or Interference The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is based on whether the hypoprothrombinemia is anticoagulant-induced (e.g., due to coumarin or indanedione derivatives) or non-anticoagulant-induced (e.g., due to antibiotics; salicylates or other drugs; factors limiting absorption or synthesis) as follows: Anticoagulant-induced Hypoprothrombinemia : Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP 2.5 mg to 10 mg or more subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Up to 25 mg to 50 mg may be administered as a single dose. Repeated large doses of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP are not warranted in liver disease if the initial response is unsatisfactory. Failure to respond to Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP may indicate that the condition being treated is inherently unresponsive to Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP. Hyppoprothrombinemia Due to Other Causes (Non-Anticoagulation-Induced Hypoprothrombinemia : Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP 2.5 mg to 25 mg or more intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. Up to 50 mg may be administered as a single dose. Evaluate INR after 6-8 hours, and repeat dose if INR remains prolonged. Modify subsequent dosage (amount and frequency) based on the INR or clinical condition. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates Prophylaxis of Vitamin K-Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is 0.5 mg to 1 mg within one hour of birth for a single dose. Treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates The recommended dosage of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is 1 mg given either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Consider higher doses if the mother has been receiving oral anticoagulants. A failure to respond (shortening of the INR in 2 to 4 hours) may indicate another diagnosis or coagulation disorder. 2.4 Directions for Dilution Dilute Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection. Avoid use of other dilutents that may contain benzyl alcohol, which can cause serious toxicity in newborns or low birth weight infants [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . When diluted, start administration of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP immediately after dilution. Discard unused portions of diluted solution as well as unused contents of the vial. Protect Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP from light at all times. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to adminstration, whenever solution and container permit. Administer Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP by the subcutaneous route, whenever possible. (2.1) When intravenous administration is unavoidable, inject the drug very slowly, not exceeding 1 mg per minute. (2.1)

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1.1 Treatment of Hypoprothrombinemia Due to Vitamin K Deficiency or Interference Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is indicated for the treatment of the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by vitamin K deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity; anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy; hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis; other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates. 1.2 Prophylaxis and Treatment of Vitamin K-Deficiency Bleeding in Neonates Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin K-deficiency bleeding in neonates. Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is a vitamin K replacement indicated for the treatment of the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when cause by vitamin K deficiency or interference with vitamin K activity. Anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives; (1.1) Hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy; (1.1) Hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis; (1.1) Other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where is it definitely shown that the result is due to interference with vitamin K metabolism, e.g., salicylates. (1.1) Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin K-deficiency bleeding in neonates. (1.2)

OVERDOSAGE Hemolysis, jaundice, and hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, particuarly in premature infants, may result from Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP overdose.

DRUG INTERACTIONS Anticoagulants Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP may induce temporary resistance to prothrombin-depressing anticoagulants, especially when larger doses of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP are used. Should this occur, higher doses of anticoagulant therapy may be needed when resuming anticoagulant therapy, or a change in therapy to a different class of anticoagulant may be necessare (i.e., heparin sodium). Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP does not affect the anticoagulant action of heparin.

CLINCIAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP aqueous colloidal solution of vitamin K1 for parenteral injection, possesses the same type and degree of activity as does naturally-occurring vitamin K, which is necessary for the production via the liver of active prothrombin (factor II), proconvertin (factor VII), plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX), and Stuart factor (factor X). Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational carboxylation of myltiple, specific, peptide-bound glutamic acid residues in inactive hepatic precursors of factors II, VII, IX, and X. The resulting gamma-car-boxy-glutamic acid residues convert the precursors into active coagulation factors that are subsequently secreted by liver cells into the blood. In normal animals and humans, phytonadione is virtually devoid of activity. However, in animals and humans deficient in vitamin K, the pharmacological action of vitamin K is related to its normal physiological function, that is, to promote the hepatic biosynthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics The action of the aqueous dispersion, when administered intravenously, is generally detectable within an hour or two and hemorrhage is usually controlled within 3 to 6 hours. A normal INR may often be obtained in 12 to 14 hours. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Phytonadione is readily absorbed following intramuscular administration. Distribution: After absorption phytonadione is initially concentrated in the liver, but the concentration declines rapidly. Very little vitamin K accumulates in tissues. Elimination: Little is known about the metabolic fate of vitamin K. Almost no free unmetabolized vitamin K appears in bile or urine.

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DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: 1 mg/0.5 mL single-dose vial and a SAF-T-Jet vial injector. Injection: 1 mg/0.5 mL single-dose vial and a SAF-T-Jet vial injector. (3)

PHYTONADIONE phytonadione PHYTONADIONE PHYTONADIONE

NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity or impairment of fertility have not been conducted with phytonadione.

ANDA083722

PHYTONADIONE

phytonadione

0404-9935

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

PARENTERAL

Sample Package Label Label1.jpg

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions, Cutaneous Reactions (5.3) 04/2018

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The preservative benzyl alcohol can cause serious adverse events and death when administgered intravenously to neonates and infants. If Phytonadione is needed during pregnancy, consider using a benzyl alcohol-free formulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Published studies with the use of phytonadione during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with phytonadione and adverse developmental outcomes (see Data) . There are maternal and fetal risks associated with vitamin K deficiency during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations) . Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with phytonadione. The estimated background risk for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Pregnant women with vitamin K deficiency hypoprothrombinemia may be at an increased risk for bleeding diatheses during pregnancy and hemorrhagic events at delivery. Subclinical maternal vitamin K deficiency during pregnancy has been implicated in rare cases of fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Data Human Data Phytonadione has been measured in cord blood of infants whose mothers were treated with phytonadione during pregnancy in concentrations lower than seen in maternal plasma. Administration of vitamin K1 to pregnant women shortly before delivery increased both maternal and cord blood concentrations. Published data do not report a clear association with phytonadione and adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when used during pregnancy. However, these studies cannot definitively establish the absence of any risk because of methodologic limitations including small sample size and lack of blinding. Animal Data In pregnant rats receiving vitamin K1 orally, fetal plasma and liver concentrations increased following administration, supporting placental transfer. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary If available, preservative-free Phytonadione is recommended when Phytonadione is needed during lactation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Phytonadione is present in breastmilk. There are not data on the effects of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP on the breastfed child or on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the clinical need for Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP and any potential adverse effects on the breasfed child from Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP or from the underlying maternal condition. Serious adverse reactions including fatal reactions and the "gasping syndrome" occurred in premature neonates and infants in the intensive care unit who received drugs containing benzyl alcohol as a preservative. In these cases, benzyl alcohol dosages of 99 to 234 mg/kg/day produced high levels of benzyl alcohol and its metabolites in the blood and urine (blood levels of benzyl alcohol were 0.61 to 1.378 mmol/L). Additional adverse reactions included gradual neurological deterioration, seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, hematologic aabnormalities, skin breakdown, hepatic and renal failure, hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiovascular collapse. Preterm, low-birth weight infants may be more likely to develop these reactions because they may be less able to metabolize benzyl alcohol. When prescribing Phytonadione in infants consider the combined daily metabolic load of benzyl alcohol from all sources including Phytonadione and other drugs containing benzyl alcohol. The minimum amount of benzyl alcohol at which serious adverse reactions may occur is not known [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . Whenever possible, use preservative-free phytonadione formulations in neonates. The preservative benzyl alcohol has been associated with serious adverse events and death in pediatric patients. Premature and low-birth weight infants may be more likely to develop toxicity. Pregnancy: If available, use the preservative-free formulation in pregnant women. (8.1) Lactation: If available, use the preservative-free formulation in lactating women. (8.2) Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP in pediatric patients from 6 months from 17 years have not been established. (8.4)

HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP is a yellow, sterile, aueous colloidal solution and is supplied in unit use packages containing one single-dose vial and a SAF-T-Jet vial injector, 27 G. x 1/2" needle. Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion USP, 1 mg in 0.5 mL Stock No. 1240 NDC 76329-1240-1 10 individual cartons shrink wrapped as a group of 10 cartons. Syringe Assembly Directions: See User Guide USE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE Do not remove from carton or assemble until ready to use. Product repackaged by: Henry Schein, Inc., Bastian, VA 24314 From Original Manufacturer/Distributor's NDC and Unit of Sale To Henry Schein Repackaged Product NDC and Unit of Sale Total Strength/Total Volume (Concentration) per unit NDC 76329-1240-1 10 individual cartons shrink wrapped as a group of 10 cartons NDC 0404-9935-05 1 unit use package containing one single-dose vial and a SAF-T-Jet® vial injector in a bag (Vial bears NDC 76329-1240-1) 1 mg in 0.5 mL Image1.jpg

WARNING - HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS WITH INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR USE See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. WARNING - HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS WITH INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR USE Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred during and immediately after intravenous and intramuscular injection of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP. Reactions have occurred despite dilution to avoid rapid intravenous infusion and upon first dose. Avoid the intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration unless the subcutaneous route is not feasible and the serious risk [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred during and immediately after INTRAVENOUS and INTRAMUSCULAR injection of Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP. Reactions have occurred despite dilution to avoid rapid infusion and upon first and subsequent doses. Avoid the intravenous and intramuscular routes of administration unless the subcutaneous route is not reasible and the serious risk is justified. (5.1)