Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride

ADVERSE REACTIONS Reactions which may occur because of the solutions or technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea have been reported with potassium therapy. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, flaccid paralysis, listlessness, mental confusion, weakness and heaviness of the legs, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities such as disappearance of P waves, spreading and slurring of the QRS complex with development of a biphasic curve and cardiac arrest. Potassium-containing solutions are intrinsically irritating to tissues. Therefore, extreme care should be taken to avoid perivascular infiltration. Local tissue necrosis and subsequent sloughing may result if extravasation occurs. Chemical phlebitis and venospasm have also been reported. Should perivascular infiltration occur, I.V. administration at that site should be discontinued at once. Local infiltration of the affected area with procaine hydrochloride, 1%, to which hyaluronidase may be added, will often reduce venospasm and dilute the potassium remaining in the tissues locally. Local application of heat may also be helpful.

CONTRAINDICATIONS Solutions containing potassium chloride are contraindicated in diseases where high potassium levels may be encountered.

DESCRIPTION Intravenous solutions with potassium chloride (I.V. solutions with KCl) are sterile and nonpyrogenic solutions in water for injection. They are for administration by intravenous infusion only. See Table for summary of content and characteristics of these solutions. The solutions contain no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and each is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded. These solutions are parenteral fluid and/or electrolyte replenishers. Potassium Chloride, USP is chemically designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in water. Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water. Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H 2 0. The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinylchloride. Water can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions inside the plastic container also can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts before the expiration period is attained. However, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed by tests in animals according to USP biological standards for plastic containers.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION These solutions should be administered only by intravenous infusion and as directed by the physician. The dose and rate of injection are dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. If the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium should be given at a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration less than 30 mEq/liter. Somewhat faster rates and greater concentrations (usually up to 40 mEq/liter) of potassium may be indicated in patients with more severe potassium deficiency. The total 24-hour dose should not generally exceed 200 mEq of potassium. Drug Interactions Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS .)

INDICATIONS AND USAGE These solutions are indicated in patients requiring parenteral administration of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.

WARNINGS Solutions which contain potassium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present. To avoid potassium intoxication, do not infuse these solutions rapidly. In patients with severe renal insufficiency or adrenal insufficiency, administration of potassium chloride may cause potassium intoxication. Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention. In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium or potassium ions may result in sodium or potassium retention. The intravenous administration of these solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration of administered parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of such solutions.

OVERDOSAGE In the event of potassium overdosage, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute intensive corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .)

Drug Interactions Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS .)

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY When administered intravenously, these solutions provide a source of water and potassium chloride with 0.9% sodium chloride. Intravenous solutions containing potassium chloride are particularly intended to provide needed potassium cation (K + ). Potassium is the chief cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter of intracellular water). It is found in low concentration in plasma and extracellular fluids (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/liter in a healthy adult). Potassium plays an important role in electrolyte balance. Normally about 80 to 90% of the potassium intake is excreted in the urine; the remainder in the stools and to a small extent, in the perspiration. The kidney does not conserve potassium well so that during fasting or in patients on a potassium-free diet, potassium loss from the body continues resulting in potassium depletion. A deficiency of either potassium or chloride will lead to a deficit of the other. Sodium chloride in water dissociates to provide sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl¯) ions. Sodium (Na + ) is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Chloride (Cl¯) has an integral role in buffering action when oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the red blood cells. The distribution and excretion of sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl¯) are largely under the control of the kidney which maintains a balance between intake and output. Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirement ranges from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production). Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments and sodium (Na + ) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.

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Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride SODIUM CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CATION POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CATION WATER Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride SODIUM CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CATION POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CATION WATER

NDA019686

Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride

SODIUM CHLORIDE and POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

0990-7115

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

INTRAVENOUS

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20 mEq Bag Label 20 mEq POTASSIUM 1000 mL NDC 0990-7115-09 20 mEq POTASSIUM CHLORIDE in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP EACH 100 mL CONTAINS POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 149 mg; SODIUM CHLORIDE 900 mg IN WATER FOR INJECTION. ELECTROLYTES PER 1000 mL: POTASSIUM 20 mEq; SODIUM 154 mEq; CHLORIDE; 174 mEq. 348 mOsmol/LITER (CALC.) pH 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) ADDITIVES MAY BE INCOMPATIBLE. CONSULT WITH PHARMACIST, IF AVAILABLE. WHEN INTRODUCING ADDITIVES, USE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE, MIX THOROUGHLY AND DO NOT STORE. SINGLE-DOSE CONTAINER. FOR I.V. USE. USUAL DOSAGE: SEE INSERT. STERILE, NONPYROGENIC. USE ONLY IF SOLUTION IS CLEAR AND CONTAINER IS UNDAMAGED. MUST NOT BE USED IN SERIES CONNECTIONS. Rx ONLY 3 v CONTAINS DEHP ICU Medical, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois, 60045, USA icumedical IMP0000049 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20 mEq Bag Label

Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP Flexible Plastic Container Rx only

Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric and adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance.

Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride or sodium chloride. It is also not known whether potassium chloride or sodium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride or sodium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

HOW SUPPLIED Intravenous solutions with potassium chloride (I.V. solution with KCl) are supplied in single-dose flexible plastic containers. See Table: Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Inj., USP COMPOSITION Approx. Ionic Concentrations (g/L) Calculated (mEq/L) NDC No. mEq Potassium Size (mL) Sodium Chloride Potassium Chloride Osmolarity (mOsmol/L) pH (range) Sodium (Na + ) Potassium (K + ) Chloride (Cl¯) Approximate kcal/L 0409–7115–09 20 mEq 1000 9 1.49 348 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 20 174 0 0990–7115–09 20 mEq 1000 9 1.49 348 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 20 174 0 0409–7116–09 40 mEq 1000 9 2.98 388 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 40 194 0 0990–7116–09 40 mEq 1000 9 2.98 388 4.8 (3.5 to 6.5) 154 40 194 0 ICU Medical is transitioning NDC codes from the "0409" to a "0990" labeler code. Both NDC codes are expected to be in the market for a period of time. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. Revised: March, 2020 IFU0000168 ICU Medical, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois, 60045, USA

PRECAUTIONS Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions, to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin. Potassium replacement therapy should be guided primarily by serial electrocardiograms. Plasma potassium levels are not necessarily indicative of tissue potassium levels. High plasma concentrations of potassium may cause death through cardiac depression, arrhythmias or arrest. Potassium-containing solutions should be used with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly in digitalized patients or in the presence of renal disease. Care should be exercised to insure that the needle (or catheter) is well within the lumen of the vein and that extravasation does not occur. Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion. Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride or sodium chloride. It is also not known whether potassium chloride or sodium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride or sodium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric and adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance.